Learning Strategies Rely Heavily on Employee Involvement Essay

discipline Strategies Rely Heavily on Employee Involvement - Essay ExampleThe generally practiced HR policies of Equipos include regular training, communication, setting of lucid and consistent objectives, high wages, acknowledgment for accomplishments, team works, flat organization structure, in addition to a development-oriented organizational culture. These factors motivated the employees to perform and adhere to the oversight practices, which enabled Equipos to develop into a tuition organization. Contribution This study can be beneficial for comprehending how in spite of cultural differences between the conjure company and the subsidiary, the organization can efficiently accomplish its business strategies with the help of its employees participation by propel them. Keywords Motivation, Culture, Employee Participation, HR Practices, Management Practices. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 5 interchange 6 Conclusion 12 References 13 Introduction The modern day organi zations are striving hard to convey their market position in the prevalent competitory business circumstances and gain a competitive advantage over their peers. In doing so, a large number of business organizations are shifting their penchant towards focus approaches that encourage organizational learning. It had been observed that multinational corporations (MNCs) that are focused towards global learning live attained competitiveness and agility to handle the escalating intricacies of the global business environment (Bartlett & Ghoshal, 1989). However, when the MNCs employ learning approaches in their subsidiaries that are located in foreign lands, it is important for these MNCs to comprehend the issues that could impact the execution of various management practices that assist learning. Some of the major issues that could impact the execution of the management practices are difference in culture, and other(a) environmental aspects such as socioeconomic, political, educationa l, and legal issues (Adler, 1997 Farmer & Richman, 1970 Negandhi & Prasad, 1971). Hence, while spreading the learning practices to their subsidiaries, it is essential for the management of the MNCs to recognize the extent to which miscellaneous issues together with, but not restricted to the domestic cultural principles, ask an effect on the transferability of diverse management practices. Managers should be aware of what issues might aid the accomplishment of learning strategies that initially seem to be contrary and mismatched with the culture of a nation. Gomez (20043) had stated that Learning strategies imprecate heavily on employee involvement. Gomez (2004) had stated so in his article, where he discussed the case of an American MNC and its Mexican subsidiary Equipos. Equipos had effectively taken up the attributes of a learning organization from its US based set up organization. This is in contrast to the widely perceived notion that the employee participation and other man agement practices that are tie in to a learning strategy are generally incompatible in the cross-cultural context. The paper fundamentally accentuates on how the employees were encouraged to involve themselves in the learning organisation atmosphere of Equipos. In the process of discussing the strategies employed by the management of Equipos, the paper also draws on the theories of motivation as well as cross-culture. Discussion It is

The website has the right to choose one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The website has the right to choose one - Essay ExampleBut it is possible that you dislike a thing that is good for you and that you love a thing that is bad for you. Allah go to sleepeth and you knoweth not (The Holy Quran The Heifer (2) 216).We know that the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) never started a war but only fought in self-defense. He even time-tested his best to prevent those wars. He signed treaties like the treaty of Hudaibia at Makkah and treaty with the Jews in Madinah to head off wars as wars cause bloodshed. Islam spreads the message of love, peace treaty and harmony. Prophet (P.B.U.H) strived to keep minimum loss in his wars. A writer mentioned in his book that only a thousand mickle were k goutyed in all his wars. Islam consider blood and tells Muslims to avoid bloodshed at all times and costs. Wars are harmful for everyone. It kills people, destroys the economy and results in a decline in civilizations. Muslims are not even allowed to kill the prisoners of war or ill treat them and they have to release them subsequently taking a ransom amount from them. Once after a war Prophet (P.B.U.H) told the literate prisoners to teach ten Muslim children for a certain finale of time in exchange of freedom. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was very kind to the war prisoners.Islam is all about peace. When a Muslim meets another, he greets him by saying al-Salam Alaykum which means Peace be upon you and the others solvent would be Alaykum al-Salam meaning Upon you be Peace. The Holy Quran says,The Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) always spread the message of peace with Muslims as well as with non-Muslims. True Muslim leaders are known for characteristics such as peace, kindness and forgiveness. If the Muslim ummah unites and works peacefully, Islam can be advanced. During the early years of Prophet Hood people used to make fun of Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and tried to harm him in every way possible however, he never returned the harm or even curse them in retaliation. Instead, he prayed to Allah to bring them

Mobilising Creativity and Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Mobilising Creativity and Innovation - Essay ExampleAfter cursory my graduation, I have been working in an organization, which would be a overbearing aspect for the development of my paid life. More specifically, I always have that eagerness to learn few innovative things in my life. It provide be worth mentioning that I have the capacity of quick learning as well as the ability to learn most difficult things in very short period.I also worked as a figurer technician in small technical company. As per my perception, my strength is that I can coping up on the basis of the needs of a situation. In addition, I possessed the capabilities to be old(prenominal) with every situation. At the initial stage of my career, I fumbled a bit in performing my designate tasks effectively. However, during such time, I used to be positive in nature, which provided me with a positive support for my career. It bequeath be worth mentioning in this regard that during my career growth, I was little nervous in nature. Additionally, I have been able to overcome my difficulties with my strong will power as well as positive confidence.I always have the ambition to work in a technical working domain. My association in the technical working domain is very weak, but I have that capability to crack my superior about my flawless work. Accordingly, my intention is to perform my work with perfection. I have developed a perception towards performances that through continuous practices, people can be able to learn and gain companionship for performing operations with perfection. In a similar context, I have also learnt about the dish out of rectifying a number of mistakes that can be a vital advantage for my own development process. It is more apparent that people should have the courage to learn how to rectify their mistakes for ensuring a better personal as well as professional future. Therefore, in my early phase, I started working as a computer technician in a small technology fir m.During the initial

Salary packaging and Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Salary packaging and Taxation - Essay ExampleFringe benefits measure allow for apply to both Chris and his employer for this agreement during the FBT year that begins in 1st April 2011 up to 31st display 2012. Superannuation is money put in for a persons retirement. Strict government policy prevent ill-timed access to conserved benefits except in extremely limited and constrained circumstances, as well as severe financial adversity or on a compassionate basis, such as for medical exam cure not obtainable through Medicare. Usually, superannuation benefits are in 3 categories conserved benefits limit non-conserved benefits and unhindered non-preserved benefits. Mainly superannuation is concessionary taxed at a level charge of 15% at devil key points on contributions, and on compensation. Capital Gain Tax inside the fund though is taxed at a charge of 10% if the properties held for longer than twelve months. Contributions whether in the type of employer superannuation, or assoc iate salary sacrifice are levied at this rate. In the volume of the industry funds, the salary tax is paid foregoing to profits are disbursed to associates so it appears as a lesser level of interest on the players statement. From the time when it was introduced, employers have been obligated to make compulsory contributions to superannuation in place of the majority of their workers. ... Superannuation contributions made by Chris are not treated as fringe benefits but as employer contributions. The initial contribution that Chris was making was $17,000. He however, decided to increase it by $15,000. This contribution has to meet three conditions, which are it must be an arrangement before service there should be an agreement amongst West Gate Pty Ltd and Chris and Chris should not have an access to the sacrificed salary (Marsden, 2010). According to the Australian tax voice ruling, the superannuation contributions are taxed in the superannuation funds such as 15% (Australian N ational canvas Office, 1999). West Gate Pty Ltd willing therefore, pay the following amount in tax for contribution 15/100 x $32,000 = $ 4,800 Chris has salary packaged other specifics apart from the superannuation contributions. The first item is a laptop that one of his children requires for school. It is worth $3,300. This is a fringe benefit for Chris. According to the Australian tax piece ruling S23, the tax is levied at 46.5% for the FBT year ending 31st March. West Gate Pty limited will pay the following amount for the benefit 46.5% x $3,300 = $1,534.50 Under this, the income test will take into mark the fringe benefit received. This fringe benefit is not included in the employees assessable income. The employer will be giving a benefit directly to a relative of the employee. Anything is accomplished by the employer in whatsoever agreement, arrangement or transaction so as to award any benefit upon any individual other than the member of staff, whether directly or obliq uely. The benefit would have been taxed if it had been contracted to the employee. The next item that Chris has packaged is a new car. A taxable benefit is be

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Assignment - Essay ExampleI helped other fellow members in providing broader view of their possible decisions which may affect the mathematical process of the whole squad. I provided them assistance and help wheresoever possible. The most important part that I played was to motivate them, uphold their interest in the tasks depute and cheer them up when they felt discouraged. I motivated them to work s a team and localise on teams good more than individualistic choices. In addition, I encouraged granting immunity for all members to talk and suggest ideas. The team, then, looked seriously and decided If any suggestion is suitable or not. Also, I respected and listened to the leader of the team and took her advises. The weak attribute in my personality that hindered the teams performance was encouraging the team to take decisions immediately. It had a negative impact on the teams goals as this way we ignored the individualistic goals of certain members of the team. They got rescue d and we had to spend many medicines on that item member to be alive. Question 2 Think about your teams performance on the rise Everest Simulation. I want you to think critically about how your team interacted. Part 1 What did your team do good up? What were the root causes of such synergy? Part 2 What did your team not do well? What were the root causes of such performance losses? I believe that my team had the strength of working as a team rather than distinct individuals. They worked really hard to help every individual of the team by making decisions which benefit most of the team members and help in reaching the teams combined targets. The team did well as the average requests that team and individual team members got are 60%. This clearly shows that, however, there were roughly discrepancies the team worked hard in mutuality. The root causes of such synergy acknowledge team work, combined decision making, motivation from the leader, care for each other and passion to ac hieve success. all(prenominal) team member was aware of their responsibilities regarding the team goal. Every individual helped other in order to halt a sustained development towards the achievement of goals. The team lacked careful thinking and critically analyzing the outcomes of any particular decision. The root cause of this performance loss was that we were more motivated towards goal achievement and hence, we lacked critical analyses of our decisions. We suggested and make decision quickly without viewing a broader picture of those decisions. The passion to reach the top and get form led to inappropriate decision making which affected our score. An example of such decision making is when we go directly from the base to the camp 1. Then I ignored one of my goals, which was to stay one nighttime in camp 1 and we moved to camp 2 due to the benefit of all team and I suggested that. In camp 2 I suggested to stay one night, rest and get point for me and other persons as well. B ecause of that I got full points of avoiding rescue, and staying one night in camp 2. Although it was beneficial for some members who gained good score but others suffered because of this strategy and lose significant points. Question 3 What can your team do going forward to make sure that you correct the things you collectively didnt do well Be specific here. The team can incorporate effective decision making by critically analyzing the ideas and suggestions before adopting them. The team may plan things well before moving

Commercial management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Commercial management - Assignment exerciseThe report as well underscores the importance of strategic process process by highlighting on models of bidding process and their strengths.In addition, the report also identifies predominant factors impacting on the mark up optimization and strategies that could be employed by the construction company to enhance their bidding process. Additionally, the study examines the critical issues relating to cash feed in and recommends strategies that could be employed by firms to ensure effective management of cash flow. The report will also expound on the strategic construction management claims in the event of changes on the contract, as a result of unprecedented risk occurrence. In conclusion, through the synthesis of the identify factors, the report recommends the strategies that the company should alter with regards to environmental factors, strategic bidding practices and cash flow management in order to improve its pull in and operation sThe main focus of this report is to provide strategic management plan for a strong suit sized construction company operating in UK in light of UKs stinting convalescence from recession (BBC News, 2014). In outlining the companys strategy, the report will be divided into three sections. The introductory section will entail an examination of the companys environment by use SWOT and PESTLE analytic tools. The second section will expound on quantity surveyors practices and principles in relation to the operations of a contractor and their implications to strategic alignment of the construction company. The subsequent section will examine new developments in the industry and their implications to the subject company. In conclusion, the report will provide recommendations deemed pertinent to the successful implementation of identified company strategy.UKs construct industry is directly impacted by political factors through economic policies, deregulation policies and EU directives (B ritish Chambers, 2014). Under

Issues Related To The Auditor Independence Research Paper

Issues Related To The Auditor In dependency - Research base ExampleSelf-review threats also present threats to liberty while advocacy threats may present unbiased opinions on the financial position of the firm. Intimidation threats such as coercion the owners of the firm will hinder the independence of the canvassor. Auditors independence essential be about integrity, objectivity, and skepticism (Basu, 2009). The auditor is expected to monitor the integrity of the financial statements, review the internal financial controls, review the effectiveness of the internal audit department, and offer non-audit services while considering the ethical guidelines concerning the auditors mildew. Rotation of audit staff and partners will precaution the familiarity threat and minimize self-interest threats to independence (Flood, 2012). In order to maintain independence, the auditors are required by law o maintain integrity, competence, objectivity, performance, and courtesy. The auditor mu st safeguard himself or herself from self-interest threats by abstaining from whatsoever direct or indirect financial interest in the audit work (Flood, 2012). The auditor should not take any loan, the guarantee of a loan from the client, or engage in undue dependence on the total fees paid by the client. ... In this case, the auditor should not be a means of the shares or securities of the client and should not act in litigation or solving of disputes with third parties. The auditors must avoid the familiarity threats and observe ethical guidelines that prohibit conflicts of interests such as abstaining from engaging in audit work if the client is a close family member (Adelopo, 2012). The auditor must not accept any hospitality or gifts from the client, the directors or employees of the client (Basu, 2009). Auditors may face intimidation threats such as the threat of reliever due to disagreements on certain accounting principle, dominant personality of senior management, and pr essures to reduce the amount of audit work in order to reduce the audit fees.

Presentation Essentials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Presentation Essentials - raise ExampleTo effectively achieve this, it is important for the loudspeaker system to believe in his/her message so that the listeners ar convinced of what is being said. During the message, the speakers state of mind is translated to the viewers. Its also important that the speaker possesses personal credibility to earn the viewers respect. The speakers personality affects the situation and the audience directly. His/her enthusiasm, proficiency, predispositions and economy aside influencing the environment also have a direct effect on the viewers percussion section of the message.The audience element refers to the people who will view the presentation delivered by the speaker. The speaker must take up the audience element relevant in order to avoid the receivers of the massage being disconnected from the message. in that location must exist an effective relationship between the speaker and the audience, which is successfully created by conducting research nigh the audience. This research should consider the audiences motivating factors, biases and enjoyments. Depending on the variation in each audience, the speaker must find the message style too enable listeners to relate to the message effectively (Lucas, 2009).Diverse approaches require to be taken depending on the audience the message is being delivered to. The audience at an informative speech is practically more likely to have an open mind and ready to learn attitude whereas that at a persuasive presentation might previously have their own outlook on the topic. This might deposit it harder for the presenter to gain their trust.The situation is the grounds on which the speaker is delivering the presentation .it is vital since along with the presentation, the come to the fore to have it and how to set up the most effective situation from the speaker.Mr. Smith begins his presentation by introducing himself and what the presentation is all about He explains why the to pic hes about

Broken Windows Concept Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Broken Windows Concept - Research Paper ExampleGiuliani was dedicated to position the theory into action. Bratton through the police had the law against subway fare evasion, public drinking, graffiti vandals strictly enforced. In 2007 and 2008 experiments were conducted by Kees Keizer colleagues of the University of Groningen to determine whether the effect of existing visible disorder increased the incidence of crime such(prenominal) as littering and theft. The experiment included urban location and done in two different ways. In one condition, the place was maintained orderly and free from broken windows and graffiti. The other conditions, the experiment in the analogous environment among other things windows broken, and graffiti were placed on the wall. The arrangement in the second condition appeared bid nobody cared. The observations from the experiments supported the theory.Common misconceptions clearly imply that thither is a connection with financial dissymmetry for those who commit crime and may be of minority status. As for RJ Sampson it does not necessarily mean that the function of racial circumstance to encode disorder, deal racially prejudiced in the sense of personal repugnance (Weisburd &Lum). A later study indicated that the disorder is an exogenous construct that has independent effects on how people feel about their neighborhoods a contradiction to Wilson and Kellings proposition. Many challengers and critics say that other than the physical disorder there are other factors that influence crime rate. In order to reduce crime rate, these factors need

Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Scenario - Essay fontTheir complaint is that the cops commonly arrest them and leave the jerks who are usually with them. In this case, the jerks are their customers who are custody. It does non make sense to them, and the observers that the police do not arrest the men given that approximately of the men are married and therefore leaves their wives foe the prostitutes.One of the criminology possible action applicable to this scenario is the rational choice theory (Akers & Sellers, 2009). In this theory, the assumptions that relate it to the social cause of crime is that of individualism. The law breakers look at themselves as individuals, and they have to utilize their time to maximise their opportunities. The maximization of individual opportunity is usually driven by the self-interest that individuals have. The reason why this theory is applicable in this scenario is because of the selfish nature of the prostitutes who chooses to go to the highroad to for the personal benef its of acquiring money from men without considering the fact that some men are married (Akers & Sellers, 2009).In the public perspective, the social crime committed by the prostitute is a social device to the society. It is a society that advocate the proper social behaviour that only married men and women should participate in the sexual activity. The society also advocates for the proper use of sex that is for procreation. This is most-encouraged activity for the sexual tool. The prostitutes use the sexual tool as money making machine. They are also out there to tame some married men to be their customers. Since the society has put some guidelines about a family that states that the sexual bliss must be obtained from their legally married wives, prostitution tends to denounce this legality (Akers & Sellers, 2009).The punishment that accompanies this crime is usually short. This is because the law keepers do not see it as a big crime that need large term jail. This is because th e police usually try to disrupt them from

444 Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

444 Final - Essay ExampleSecondly, the causality discusses the fact that business line appear trends do not operate in a vacuum and argon intrinsically shaped by microeconomic factors specific to the job seeker. In particular, the chapter highlights the point that the job chase market comprises people searching for various types of jobs for multiple reasons that are dependent on age, education, economic berth and gender. Furthermore, the job search market is effectively a two tiered structure, namelyAs highlighted above, the orthogonal search will be motivated by age, education, location and gender. Additionally, Figure 15.1 refers to the example of wage offers, the acceptation wage and unemployment status impacting job acceptance.In contrast, the internal search will be dependent on organisational needs, which can create have in the labor market. The author argues that the relationship between the external search and internal search ultimately dictates the labor market throu gh the wage structure and nature of the market. Additionally, it is posited that all the same periods of unemployment, the relationship between job search and the structure of the labor market results in a around-the-clock supply of workers and jobs, which in turn creates equilibrium between the supply of jobs and the demand for jobs from the unemployed.Therefore in summary, the telephone exchange argument in this chapter is that numerous factors influence why people search for jobs and employer demand for specific job roles to be satisfied, and that it is the interrelationship between these factors that dictate the trends and shape of the labor market. Additionally, it is argued that the structure of the labor market creates a constant flow of workers as stock, which in turn ensures equilibrium in the supply and demand curves of the labor market.This Chapter discusses the macroeconomic factors within which the labor market operates

Answer the question to 2 page essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer the question to 2 page - Essay idealInteraction between the general public and disabled should not be a taboo base on false perceptions.The first perception for a person with a disability is these people neediness extra uphold or assistance from the public. Many in the general public will uphold a disabled person when shooted, but smack pity or disgust. Disabled individuals will ask for help, but generally get under ones skin a plan for the day. People with disabilities do not wake up and go out in public to depend on assistance from random people. For example, an individual in a wheelchair will have a van that is wheelchair accessible, or even a car that gouge be driven with hand controls. These people tin can get in and out of their cars and into their chairs with or without help. If help is needed a paid caregiver, or family member might help. It is rare that a person in a wheelchair will wait in their car to approach the public for assistance. Normally people wit h disabilities have canes, wheelchairs, service dogs, and other means to help them navigate in public. For an individual that is disabled, they are used to their disability. For example, if a person without a disability does not have a car, but need a baby-sit to work, they plan that ride with family or friends. Disabled people do the same when help is needed. They plan about their disability.The perception of a person can be cured of their disability in order to get up them is a popular one. This can be a helpful approach, but can overlook the inevitably of the disabled at the moment. For example, a deafen person might benefit from new surgeries. That is a comfortably goal for doctors, but the general public should not wait for this to happen. In order to interact with the deaf individual, the public needs to accept the situation in the here and now. If the disabled person does not feel valued unless being fixed, then the disability can be depressing and debilitating. Hearing individuals can learn to sign, or learn to look at a deaf

The Clinical Practice Council Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Clinical put on Council - raise ExampleThe Clinical Practice Council In tutelage with the present increasing development in the health care service of the modern healthcare institutions, it becomes more essential to develop the operations as well as to exploit advanced manners to provide an ultimate satisfaction to each patient.With regard to the responsibilities and services of these two groups, this piece of music intends to briefly describe the main groups functions and the roles of their leadership. Moreover, the paper will also focus on describing decision reservation process and identifying roles and responsibilities that are observed among the members of each group. In addition, the different roles of each individual member in each group have also been highlighted within the discussion. Purpose of Each Group The Clinical Practice Council focuses on providing evidence-based practice in clinical nurse activities in coordinate to implement an advanced nursing practic e for each client within the organization. The support group considerably engages to maintain an advanced clinical nursing practice as well as reliable patient care programs in keeping with American Nurses Association Scope and Standards of Practice. In contrast, A.A. is a relatively small support group which focuses on practising various impressive ways preventing inebriant addiction. The group is a worldwide fellowship of men and women which is merged with around 25 members. ... The leader of this group has to make an effective decision of developing policies through depending upon the enamor recommendations from the members of the group (Queensland Govt., 2012). In this context, the leader of the group provides a topic for discussion with the members and identifies the appropriate solutions of the raised issues. In the similar context, the role of the leader in A.A is to focus on the presentation of the members communicating in order to motivate and renounce alcohol addiction . In order to motivate the members, the leader of this group guides an effective method of communicating by encouraging the participants to talk freely and in an orderly way. The leaders also listen carefully to the problems of the participants and come up with proper solution and motivation for encouraging the participants to carry on their fights against alcohol addiction. Decision Making Process of Each Group The decision making process can be considered as one of the major tone of voices for the leader in order to direct his/her team towards an effective and efficient way to achieve the goals and the objectives of the team. Moreover, the decision making process is also a crucial step for an organization in terms of identifying appropriate initiatives for the organization and enhancing performance of the team members in order to in effect achieve competitive advantage with the organizational offerings (Edwards & Elwyn, 2009). According to the observation of the case, it can be stated that the leaders of both the groups are significantly contributing by providing an effective support in order to conjure their performance to offer healthcare services to the patients. In the

Collapse of the Soviet Union Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Collapse of the Soviet compass north - Term Paper Examplehe US of masterminding the go under of this great republic as it was only the fall of the Soviet Union that would subscribe make the US the sole superpower in the world.The Soviet Union utterly rejected the cultures and values of the western as they were in full control of their lives and it was not until the break-dance of the republic that the individual countries that constituted the erst firearm(a) republic begin to accept some norms and values of the west. The Soviet Union also were also ripe(p) in the art of warfare and they were technologically advanced during that period and it was only very few countries that could watch up with its strength.The collapse of the Soviet was unarguably one of the most controversial events of the twentieth century and the collapse of the Soviet bloc still has far-reaching consequences in the world today and the impacts would continue to be felt in the years that follow. Countries of the former Soviet Union have been really affected by the collapse of the bloc, while some countrieslike Russia and Estonia have come out of the Soviet Union strong, some like Armenia and Azerbaijan have grown weaker. The effect of the collapse on the countries of the Soviet Union shall be highlighted in this paper and it would wait on us to know the countries that were greatly affected by the collapse and the ones that the collapse had little or no effect on.Though, the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, there had been cracks in the walls that held the republic together (Remnick 19). The collapse of the Soviet Union with its fortified walls shows that there is no great country, civilization or republic that cannot crumble and its fall is a lesson to other powers of the world, especially the superpower US. The Soviet Union looked so strong after the countenance World War to the ninth decade of that century. The strength of the Soviet Union was made possible by the strong communist an d totalitarian regime in the region at that time.The collapse of the Soviet Union happened

Advanced Practice Legal Considerations Case Study

Advanced Practice Legal Considerations - Case theatre of operations ExampleBasically, there are six types of tortsa few of which will be discussed here, and how those specific laws harbour to Luanns piazza. There are intentional torts against more or lessbodys, which deal with very specific charges that are incurred when one person injures another. Other categories of torts similarly deal with different types of wrongs committed, including unintentional torts (negligence) and special negligence doctrines, including negligent infliction of worked up distress among others. Finally, defenses against negligenceas well as strict liabilitywill be examined, peculiarly as it regards whether confidentiality issues were breached when the lab tech used personal information to make a decision active informing someone about someone elses health, a one person who was not hypothetic to be privy to that information as that person was a third party. Herein are analyses of some aspects of torts, some of which may not be torts which necessarily align with this particular case, but which should be mentioned nonetheless. II. misapplication of the Right to Publicity According to Frackman et. al. (1996), The powerful of publicity makes it unlawful to use anothers identity for commercial returns without permission. In recent years, that right has grown to encompass the potential misappropriation of voice, performance style, former names, and maybe, as contended in a case recently filed in Indiana regarding the race horse Cigar, . . . the image of an beast (pp. 1). Misappropriation of the right to publicity basically heart and soul that someones privacy is being invaded in some way, shape, or form. Others privacy should be guarded well. III. Invasion of the Right to Privacy An invasion of the right to privacy is a direct intrusion on someones personal space. This invasion of privacy, so to speak, is not legislated per se. However, confidentiality agreementssuch as the one th e lab tech Luann signedshould be honored, and are honored, in a court of law. However, various celebrities and other personalities of note have invoked the invasion of the right to privacy in court cases. Using the name or likeness of a person can also take on one into trouble in regard to the invasion of privacy. This is a bit like intellectual belongings law, where someones image is cherished. Interference with the First Amendment can be a cause of torts. In the case of invasion of the right of privacy, this applies occasionally. IV. Unintentional Torts (Negligence) a) Duty of Care Duty of care basically means that a reasonable person has a duty to another person to make sure that he or she does not have any kind of trouble. This means that anyone should act reasonably according with to the situation at hand. For pattern, one example of duty of care is that, if an oncoming car is about to hit a pedestrian, and a passersby had the chance to save the person, this is called the pe rsons duty of care. Any reasonably-acting person would have act to get the pedestrian out of the way of the oncoming car. In Luanns case, she had the duty of care to protect the confidentiality of her clients name and condition. She did not abide by the confidentiality agreement set forth when hired, and this is what got her into a lot of trouble with the courts. V. Breach of Duty Breach of duty occurs when a person has a duty to perform for a person, but he or she does not do it. For instance, in the previous example with the car about to hit the pedestrian, the onlooker would have performed a breach of duty by not rescuing the

Research ENG Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ENG - search Paper ExampleThe sociopolitical setting of the film is eerily current and accompanied by an equally lancinate portrayal of environmental decay. This imagery may spark in the viewers minds the emerging scientific truths of modality change and the associated ecological ruin that will accompany it more and more. The decaying natural surroundings in the icon add to the post-apocalyptic atmosphere, evoking anxieties felt after 9/11. Cuaron uses images that recall online pictures of Americas occupation of Iraq and possibly immoral detention of enemy combatants of Guantanamo Bay and other detention camps (Bruce, n.d.). This depiction creates a vital part of the movies ethical stance.Three key parallels between scenes in Children Of Men and recent news footage contribution in Cuarons critique of domestic and foreign policy after 9/11. The parallels show the reputation and impact of terror, the violence committed by governments in the name of national security, and love a nd goodwill as a suitable solution.In figure 1, lead character Theo Faron escapes a terrorist bomb detonation supposedly set off by The Fishes. The Fishes were a clandestine group that fights the inhumane treatment of refugees in Britain. afterwards in the film, this group of radicals claims that it was not responsible for the incident and diverts blame to the government (Bruce, n.d.). In figure 2, threats-consulting system of rules Maplecroftreleased statistics of the increasing risks of terror in select countries around the world. The countries, Iran, Pakistan, and Somalia, ar riddled with extremist groups that orchestrate attacks uniform to the unrivaled depicted in this photo. Children of Men, is full of images that tread an equally weighted line dividing the seeker and the sought, which are the victor and protector. The movie suits key pictures from contemporary art in its story of radicalism and infertility in one of the most poetically achieved futures. Extremists

World War II Essay Example for Free

World state of state of war II Es enjoinIn retrospect, there is no doubt that Nipp matchlessse Americans were discrimated against during World War II. From near the first moment they arrived in this country, many white people had negative feelings about them. With the negative feelings of wartime escalating, the Japanese impounding seemed just the thing to do in order to be proactive in the war. At least that is what government officials told themselves and sold the American public on. The government was able to intern the Japanese beca drug abuse of a long history of prejudice, wartime hysteria, and economic motives. The Japanese were discriminated against in many ways. iodine way is that they were the only mathematical group interned during World War II. Japan did bomb Pearl Harbor, but these were Japanese Americans that were interned with absolutely no demonstration that they were ever plotting against the United States. The United States was also pitted against German y and Italy and these citizens were never interned. This is because those people has assimilated and become part of the macrocosm at large.Interning Germans would choose included interning people like icon Joe DiMaggios father. The Japanese were untold easier to put and single out as a group. They could non assimilate because government policies had singled them out and they were not eitherowed to espouse or otherwise mix with the general population. Many United States citizens had always harbored negative feelings toward the Japanese. As primaeval as 1900, the San Francisco mayor James Duval Phelan spoke out publicly against the Japanese.He said, The Japanese be jump the same tide of immigration which we thought we had checked twenty years agoPersonally we have nothing against the Japanese, but as they will not assimilate with us and their social life is polar from ours, let them keep a respectful distance (Yancey 15). ). By 1905, being greatly influenced by all the sensa tionalism in the newspapers, Western legislators made statements like Japanese laborers, by reason of race habits, trend of living, disposition and general characteristics, are undesirableThey contribute nothing to the growth of the state.They add nothing to its wealth, and they are a blight on the prosperity of it, and a great and impeding danger to its welfare (Daniels 11). This is to say nothing of the fact that they were stripped of all their civil liberties when they were interned. They were herded like cattle into first assembly centers and then internment camps. They could pack only what they could carry they were forced into tight quarters with little or no privacy. They were surrounded by armed guards and barbed wire fences. They had basically no rights for as long as four years.Most of the Japanese Americans did not struggle or resist in any way. They went on willingly with the government orders because they wanted to prove their loyalties to this country. They resisted this discrimination by doing exactly what was asked of them. Once they were in the internment camps, they went about coping with their lives the best way they knew how. Typically this included how to improve their situation. they formed. Mary Tsukamoto describes a regular day at the camps. A typical day in an internment camp such as Jerome would begin with families getting up.Remember we did not have any water in our rooms. We just had one light bulb and a small stove. We had to get dressed and go to the middle of the block to use the toilet, wash up and take showers. Usually there were people waiting in lines. After you brushed your teeth and cleaned up, you had to go to a separate building for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. They had two sessions. If you were late or forgot your ticket, you could not eat. We stood in line for the food, which was served on metal trays, and we sat at long wooden tables with benches. at that place really wasnt much to do the rest of the time. My dad ran the recreation center for our block. Mother unionised and coordinated YWCA (Young Womens Christian Association) and USO activities. The USO was organized to welcome Nisei soldiers who were visiting their families. At night we would stay in our room. We didnt have TV in those days. And we did not have a radio (Tsukamoto). In Farewell to Manzanar, Houston points out other details, like the kitchens being hard ventilated so that food spoiled quickly so that many people constantly had the Manzanar runs (Houston 27).There were many other ways in which Manzanar totally upended their lives before the camps. Because they had to endure this unusual treatment, they were discriminated against. One of the ideas Tsukamoto highlights is that people had to wait in line for everythingto eat, to use the bathroom, etc. Life was basically one humdrum after another although internees did all kinds of things to improve their environments from beginning educational courses to starting baseball lea gues to planting gardens. They truly built baseball fields themselves and formed leagues to play baseball.They did everything they could to make their lives seem as normal as possible. They formed their own neighborhoods inside the walls of these camps that functioned much like neighborhoods on the outside with their own beauty shops, find stores, newspaper, etc. It has been proven in retrospect that the Japanese were discriminated against. According to information from the web site densho. org, In 1983, however, a U. S. congressional commission uncovered evidence from the 1940s proving that there had been no military fate for the unequal, unjust treatment of Japanese Americans during WWII.The commission reported that the causes of the incarceration were rooted in race prejudice, war hysteria and a failure of political leadership. 2 Works Cited Recommendations section, Personal Justice Denied Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. (1982. Seat tle University of Washington Press, 1997), page 459. Tsuakamoto, Mary. And Justice for All an oral history of the Japanese storage area camps. Houston, James. Farewell to Manzanar, Japanese American Legacy Project. http//www. densho. org

Is There One Best Way to Structure an Organisation Essay Example for Free

Is There One Best Way to Structure an governing body EssayOrganisation is an entity in which people work together to accomplish a set of goals. Organisations scram certain pattern of activities, that is, structures. There is no trounce way to structure an geological formation, since the structure is always altered to best serve the functions of the organisation. The optimal organisational structure is contingent upon both internal (such as strategy, size, and engine room) and external situations (such as external environment) this is referred to as fortuity Theory. Based on the academic articles as wholesome as the observational evidence provided, four hap factors are covered to justify my position, including strategy, engine room and innovation, environmental uncertainty, and size. Firstly, strategy is an important contingency of organisational structure. One of the most important features of an organisation is the goal. Organisations utilise different strategies to accomplish their goals, and a variety of organisation structures are adopted to best serve the strategies since an appropriate structure is critical to the effectual strategy implementation. In the early 1960s, Chandler developed the contingency model which research on the strategy-structure race indoors companies (Qiu Donaldson 2010), he suggested that the optimal organisational structure is contingent on various factors, including the strategies (Pertusa-Ortega, Molina-Azorn Claver-Cortes 2010). In the 1970s, the structural contingency model was extended to multinational corporations (MNCs) (Qiu Donaldson 2010).Based on the research since then, Qiu and Donaldson (2010) constructed the box-shaped Contingency Model which incorporates the earlier models to propose the structure-strategy fits for nine MNC structures. The nine structures fit for different levels of contingent strategies which mean that the design of the structure of an organisation is highly contingent on the organisations strategies. Since the organisations strategies are never stagnant and are always adapt to accomplish its goal, there can never be a best structure for an organisation.Pertusa-Ortega, Molina-Azorn and Claver-Cortes (2010) approached the relationship between strategy and structure from a different angle resource-based lieu (RBV). They argued that organisational structures should be considered as a resource for the development of strategies and a source of competitive advantage. Although this approach differs from Chandlers, it reinforces the conceptive connection between strategy and structure that organisational structure influences the competitive strategies. As competitive strategy is perpetually adapted to the latest goals of the organisation, the structure needs to be varied accordingly, frankincense there is not a best structure.Technologies and innovations are important to the organisational process of converting inputs into outputs, thus it is also an impor tant contingency of the organisational structure. Firms adapt their structures to the technology or innovation activity they utilise. Leiponen and Helfat (2011) conducted studies to examine the relationship between the innovation activity and the organisational structure of a company, namely, RD. They examined the two conflicting perspectives on the best structure (centralisation or decentralisation) under which RD was able to achieve greater innovation output.According to knowledge-based view, decentralisation is more effective for updating existing technology as well as acquiring new sources of knowledge. On the other hand, organisational economics argues that centralisation reduces the cost of communication and coordination, thus improves the innovation output. Leiponen and Helfat (2011) incorporated both literatures and concluded that decentralisation served imitative innovation better, whereas centralisation led to greater new-to-market innovation output. Leiponen and Helfats research effectively proves that the organisational structures are contingent on technology and innovation since organisations technology and innovation activities differ by their degree of standardization, there is no best way to structure an organisation. some other contingent factor of organisational structures is the environment. Contingency theory holds that individual organisations need to adapt to their internal and external environments in order to survive and thrive (Qiu and Donaldson 2010, p. 81). Managerial discretion is highly dependent on the organisations environment and its level of uncertainty (Ferner et al. 2011). The uncertainty of environment requires high level of flexibility within an organisation. Ferner et al. (2011) examined the relationship between span of control and the organisations external and internal environment. Based on the empirical data collected, they made several observations. One of the observation stated that variables such as nationality (ex ternal environment) and product standardisation (internal environment) affect the degree of central control in multinational companies.US ownership features with relative centralised control of HR in subsidiaries and standardisation of product tend to cause less subsidiary discretion. These studies mull over the close relationship between external and internal environment and the organisational structure. Furthermore, a research conducted by Nandakumar, Ghobadian and ORegan (2010) indicated the relationships between the environmental dynamism and the business strategy as well as the organisational structure. They observed that highly dynamic environment favoured the cost-leadership strategy with organic structure whereas lower dynamism favoured the differentiation strategy with mechanical structure. Thus the structure of an organisation is always adapted to the environment, and there is no best structure.Moreover, the size is another(prenominal) contingency variable influencing th e design of organisational structure. Organisations with smaller size tend to be more organic and bendable whereas those with large size have more bureaucracy involved (Bradshaw 2009) larger organisations usually have mechanistic structure with more specialisation, centralisation and departmentalisation. Bradshaw (2009) examined several contingency factors of non-profit organisational structure, including age, size, strategy, environmental stability and so on.Based on the empirical data collected, the size along with organisational age is identified as factors to determine the organisation lifecycle (from entry to mature). Generally, the greater age means greater formalisation and the larger size means a more elaborate organisation structure. Thus, it can be concluded that the organisational structure is also contingent on the organisational size. As size varies according to the companies type and strategy, there is no best way to structure an organisation.In conclusion, there is no best way to structure an organisation. The optimal organisational structure is contingent upon various factors including strategy, innovation, environment and size. repayable to the variance among organisations in terms of these contingency factors, the structures of different organisations vary. Furthermore, the dynamic nature of the internal and external environment of organisations means that the structure of any organisation is always adapted to best serve its goals.BibliographyBradshaw, P. 2009, A Contingency Approach to Nonprofit Governance, Nonprofit Management Leadership, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 61-81, viewed 18 March 2012, EBSCO host / argument Source Premier.Ferner, A., Tregaskis, O., Edwards, P., Edwards, T., Marginson, P., Adam, D., Meyer, M. 2011, HRM structures and subsidiary discretion in foreign multinationals in the UK, International Journal of Human preference Management, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 483-509.Leiponen, A., Helfat, C.E. 2011, Location, decentralization, a nd knowledge sources for innovation, Organization Science, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 641-658.Nandakumar, M.K., Ghobadian, A., ORegan, N. 2010, Business-level strategy and performance The moderating personal effects of environment and structure, Management Decision, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 907- 939, viewed 18 March 2012, ProQuest Central / Business Source Premier.Pertusa-Ortega, E.M., Molina-Azorin, J.F. Claver-Cortes, E. 2010, combative strategy, structure and firm performance. A comparison of the resource-based view and the contingency approach, Management Decision, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 1282-1303.Qiu, J. Donaldson, L. 2010, The Cubic Contingency Model Towards a more comprehensive international strategy-structure model, Journal of General Management, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 81-100.

Genocide is the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation. (Genocide) Essay Example for Free

Genocide is the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation. (Genocide) EssayIntroductionIn 1994 Rwanda experienced the scourge genocide in modern times. The Rwandan Genocide was a genocidal mass slaughter of the Tutsis by the Hutus that took place in 1994 in the East African state of Rwanda. It is considered the most organized genocide of the 20th century.Over the run-in of approximately century days (from the assassination of Juvenal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira on April 6 through mid-July) over 500,000 people were killed, gibe to a kind-hearted Rights Watch estimate. Estimates of the death toll have ranged from 500,0001,000,000, or as much as 20% of the countrys total population. It was the culmination of longstanding ethnic competition and tensions in the midst of the minority Tutsi, who had controlled power for centuries, and the majority Hutu peoples, who had come to power in the rebellion of 195962. (R wandan Genocide) History between the Hutu and Tutsi peopleIn 1990, the Rwandan Patriotic Front, a rebel group composed mostly of Tutsi refugees, invaded northern Rwanda from Uganda in an attempt to defeat the Hutu-led government. They began the Rwandan Civil War, fought between the Hutu regime, with support from Francophone Africa and France, and the Rwandan Patriotic Front, with support from Uganda.This exacerbated ethnic tensions in the country. In response, many Hutu gravitated toward the Hutu Power(Rwandan Genocide), an ideology propounded by Hutu extremist, with the do of state-controlled and independent Rwandan media. As an ideology, Hutu Power asserted that the Tutsi intended to enslave the Hutu and must be resisted at all costs. Continuing ethnic strife resulted in the rebels displacing large numbers of Hutu in the north, plus biweekly localized Hutu killings of Tutsi in the south. global pressure on the Hutu-led government of Juvenal Habyarimana resulted in a cease-fire i n 1993. He planned to implement the Arusha Peace Agreement.(Rwandan Genocide) The assassination of Habyarimana in April 1994 set off a vehement reaction, during which Hutu groups conducted mass killings of Tutsis (and also pro- cessation Hutus, who were portrayed as traitors and collaborators).This genocide had been planned by members of the Hutu power group know as theAkazu ( Hutu extremist ) , many of whom occupied positions at top levels of the national government the genocide was back up and coordinated by the national government as well as by local host and civil officials and mass media.Alongside the military, primary responsibility for the killings themselves rests with two Hutu militias that had been organized for this purpose by governmental parties the Interahamwe and Impuzamugambi, although once the genocide was underway a great number of Hutu civilians took part in the murders. It was the end of the peace agreement. The Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front restarted their o ffensive, defeating the army and seizing control of the country.(Rwandan Genocide) Overview of the Rwandan Genocide with International ResponseAfter the Hutu presidents matted is gunned down on April 6. Hutu gunmen systematically start tracking down and killing moderate Hutu politicians and Tutsi leaders. The deputy to the U.S. ambassador in Rwanda tells Washington that the killings involve not just political murders, but genocide. The U.S. decides to evacuate all Americans. Canadian General Romeo Dallaire, head of the U.N. peacekeeping force in Rwanda, is told by headquarters not to intervene and to subdue armed conflict. In the next few days, evidence mounts of massacres tar adhereing ordinary Tutsis.Front page stories newspaper stories character reference reports of tens of thousands dead and a pile of corpses six feet high outside a main hospital. Gen. Dallaire requests a stunt man of his force to 5,000. Nearly 3,300 Americans, French, Italians and Belgians are evacuated by force sent in from their countries. On April 15th Belgium withdraws its host from the U.N. force after ten Belgian soldiers are slain. Embarrassed to be withdrawing alone, Belgium asks the U.S. to support a plenteous pullout. Secretary of State Christopher agrees and tells Madeleine Albright, Americas U.N. ambassador, to demand complete withdrawal.She is opposed, as are some African nations. She pushes for a compromise a dramatic cutback that would leave alone a token force in place. April 16th, The New York Times reports the snap and hacking to death of some 1000 men, women and children in a church where they sought refuge. Day 12, By this date, Human Rights Watch estimates the number of dead at 100,000 and calls on the U.N. Security Council to use the word genocide.Belgian troops leave Rwanda Gen.Dallaire is down to a force of 2,100. He entrust soon losecommunication lines to outlying areas and will have only a satellite link to the outside world. By April 25th,Gen. Dallaire is down to 450 ill-equipped troops from developing countries. He works to protect some 25,000 Rwandans who are at places guarded by U.N. forces.He still hopes the Security Council will change its mind and send him forces while there is still time.(Ghosts of Rwanda) On May 1st a Defense Department discussion paper, prepared for a meeting of officials having periodical responsibility on the crisis, is filled with cautions about the U.S. becoming chip inted to taking action. The word genocide is a concern. Be careful.Legal at State was worried about this yesterday Genocide finding could commit the U.S. to actually do something.(Ghosts of Rwanda) Bureaucratic paralysis continues. Few African countries offer troops for the mission and the Pentagon and U.N. consider for two weeks over who will pay the costs of the APCs and who will pay for transporting them. It takes a full calendar month before the U.S. begins sending the APCs to Africa.They dont arrive until July. Seven weeks into the genocide, President Clinton gives speech that restates his policy that humanitarian action anyplace in the world would have to be in Americas national interestThe end of the superpower horror lifted the lid from a cauldron of long-simmering hatreds. Now the entire global terrain is bloody with such conflicts, from Rwanda to Georgia.Whether we get involved in any of the worlds ethnic conflicts in the end must depend on the cumulative weight of the American interests at stake.(Ghosts of Rwanda) Eleven weeks into the genocide, with still no sign of a U.N. deployment to Rwanda, the U.N. Security Council authorizes France to unilaterally intervene in southwest Rwanda.French forces create a safe area in soil controlled by the Rwanda Hutu government. But killings of Tutsis continue in the safe area.(Ghosts of Rwanda) By July 17th, Tutsi RPF forces have captured Kigali. The Hutu government flees to congou tea, followed by a tide of refugees. The French end their mission in Rwanda an d are replaced by Ethiopian U.N. troops. The RPF sets up an meanwhile government in Kigali. Although disease and more than killings claim additional lives in the refugee camps, the genocide is over.(Ghosts of Rwanda) Day 100An estimated 800,000 Rwandans have been killed.The AftermathIn anticipation of a Tutsi retaliation, approximately 2 million Hutus, participants in the genocide, and the bystanders, fled from Rwanda to congou tea (now called Congo), Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda. Thousands of them died in disease epidemics common to the squalor of refugee camps, such as cholera and dysentery. The United States staged the mathematical process Support Hope airlift from July to September 1994 to stabilize the situation in the camps.(Rwandan Genocide) The presence of 2 million refugees in eastern Zaire helped destabilize the already weak country, whose corrupt president, Mobutu Sese Seko, allowed Hutu extremists among the refugee population to operate with impunity.In October 1996 , Mobutus continued support of the Hutu militants led to an uprising by the ethnic Tutsi Banyamulenge people in eastern Zaire (supported politically and militarily by Rwanda), which marked the beginning of the First Congo War, and led to a expire of more than 600,000 Hutu refugees to Rwanda during the last two weeks of November.This massive repatriation was followed at the end of December by the return of 500,000 more from Tanzania after they were ejected by the Tanzanian government. Various successor organizations to the Hutu militants operated in eastern DR Congo until May 22, 2009.(Rwandan Genocide) Mobutu was overthrown in May 1997, and Zaires new leader, Laurent Kabila, renamed the country the Democratic Republic of Congo.Kabilas relationship with his Rwandan allies quickly turned sour, and in August 1998 Tutsi rebel forces, supported by Rwanda and Uganda, launched another rebellion. This led to the Second Congo War, killing 5 million people from 1998 to 2004. Rwanda today has two public holidays commemorating the incident, with Genocide Memorial Day on April 7 marking the start, and Liberation Day on July 4 marking the end. The week following April 7 is designated an official week of mourning.One global impact of the Rwandan Genocide is that it served as impetus to the creation of the International Criminal Court, so that ad hoc tribunals would not need to be created for future incidents of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.(Rwandan Genocide) Works Cited1.) Rwandan Genocide. Wikipedia. N.p., 20 Apr 2013. Web. 4 Sep 2013. . 2.) Genocide. New Oxford American Dictionary. 2008.3.) Ghosts of Rwanda. Frontine. PBS.org PBS, Chapel Hill, 04 Apr 2004. Web. 10 Sep 2013. ..

Human Resource Development & Job Satisfaction Essay Example for Free

valet Resource Development Job Satisfaction EssayOpportunities for dressing and development ar paramount in decisions regarding employee career choices. It is completely-important(prenominal) that those in the human resource development (HRD) look at how their seduce going affects those who they nominate service. HRD is a field that focuses on training, career development and organizational development with the goal of improving processes and enhancing the encyclopedism and performance of individuals, organizations, communities and society (Judge and Saari, 2008). To accomplish this task, HRD practitioners must look at how training and development programs affect those employees who act in them. They must be aware of how employees who participate in them perceive the information presented. They must be aware of how employees feel about the training and programs offered to them, and they must understand the sections that make up problem training ecstasy from the empl oyee standpoint. Employees use the trainings as a framework to base the comp either upon. Job satisfaction is a major ingredient in decisions regarding peoples careers however it is naive to assume that people work primarily to achieve professional fulfillment and job satisfaction (Caruso, 2011).In fact, they seem to work because what they get on the job enables them to achieve whatever they want to achieve off the job. On the job, they must produce, which sometimes equals no enjoyment. Every person has different reasons for working. The reasons for working are as individual as the person. But, we all in all work because we obtain something that we need from work. The something obtained from work impacts morale, employee motivation, and the caliber of life. To progress to positive employee motivation, treat employees as if they function because employees matter (Judge and Saari, 2008).These ideas provide athletic supporter you fulfill what people want from work and create em ployee motivation. Compensation levels and competiveness are higher than ever before and the casualties are factors like job satisfaction. Literature Review A fulfill or contented employee whitethorn begin to develop an approach of self-complacency, and an overall sense of well- creation, and consequently, his temperament may reflect his disposition (Caruso, 2011). As a result, it is all too common to see that the productivity of the employee does not always closely follow his upward level of happiness.Does that mean that employers dont want happy employees? No, however that dont desire to gain employees that forget why theyre employed in the first place. Another important aspect of this situation is the level of constructive conflict. If properly used and utilize in the organizational arena, the managerial imbedding of a special(a) degree of beneficial conflict does indeed disturb these smug people and satisfied employees out of their fatigue and enables them to achieve a ce rtain individuality of action.Viewed from the military position of the organization the key issue is not having satisfied, happy employees but maximizing productivity, the bottom line being profit (Caruso, 2011). A generation of employees who feel entitled to employee satisfaction has entered the workforce and several generations of employees for whom work never quite fulfilled their dreams, are leaving. And, they are leaving in the worst of economic times which will affect their satisfaction with the rest of the quality of life they experience.This downward trend in job satisfaction raises concerns about the overall engagement of employees and ultimately employee productivity, retention, creativity, risk-taking, mentoring, and in overall employee motivation and interest in work. Factors bring to employee satisfaction include treating employees with respect, providing regular employee recognition, empowering employees, offering above industry-average benefits and compensation, pro viding employee perks and company activities, and positive management within a success framework of goals, measurements, and expectations (Egan and Young, 2004).You can tell your colleagues, coworkers and or staff how much you value them and their contribution any day of the year. No occasion is required to tell someone job well done or keep up the outstanding efforts. In fact, small surprises and tokens of your appreciation spread throughout the year help you and the people in your work life feel valued all year long. Employee recognition is limited in most organizations (Egan and Young, 2004).At my place of employment, employees complain about the lack of recognition regularly. My supervisor would serve by asking, Why should I recognize or thank her? Shes just doing her job. These factors combine to create work places that fail to provide recognition for employees. Employers who prioritize employee recognition understand the power of recognition, because they see the unseemly ef fect of it in the employee. HRD employee job satisfaction is situational.Employee job satisfaction depends on the company and its practices, the expectations and needs from work, the quality of the supervision, the health of the industry, the competitiveness of the job market, the state of the economy, the success of the company, your mentor resources, and more (Lleana and Simmons, 2008). The inconsistencies are what make employee job satisfaction so challenging. Since the day to day job cycle cant be predicted, its safe to say that employee satisfaction cant be either. ConclusionThe most influential factor in job satisfaction appears to be the degree to which employees think their job makes good use of their skills and abilities. This is closely followed by the extent to which employees think the work they perform is meaningful. If employees see their work and the work of their organization is important and makes good use of their skills, there is a very good chance they will be s atisfied with their job, even if they are not as positive about other aspects of the job. The next major dower of satisfaction appears to be whether employees believe they are treated with respect.Higher job satisfaction is associated with working conditions where employees believe their opinions count and where they receive recognition for the work they perform. Job satisfaction is related to how well an organization is managed. This component does not seem to work in isolation from job fit and respect. In other words, a well-managed organization does not turn into high job satisfaction scores in the absence of a good match between employees and the job, or under conditions where employees do not feel respected for what they do.When a lack of respect is felt amongst an employee, a lack of respect is shown for the job at hand whether it be through work performance, attitude, or respect reciprocated. HRD is a career field that requires one to interact with others on a daily basis. W ith that being said, one must always exhibit a pleasant figure of speech for the simple fact that what they do has a major impact on the individuals that they come across. HRD is also a career field where you are constantly assisting others in job advancements and etc. within an organization, which to me is satisfying all within itself.

The power of music Essay Example for Free

The power of symphony EssayDid you know that harmony have some special power that admirer our mankind similarly? Most pot love to get word to practice of medicine because music give us feel comfortable. That is why hatful atomic number 18 create several types of music such as hip-hop, rock, pop-rock, pop, metal, classic and jazz. Music had been with charitable for such a long time, but most of us didnt know that music had the momentuate that affect our life too. Music has three main power that affects plurality such as physical, mental, the heal power and mitigatement brain function. The first one that music affects people is physical and mental effect. there are the research show about auditory modality different types of music rat affect people in physical and mental. According to The power of music, Classical music, certain types of jazz or our favourite ballad singer can physically relax our bodies and distract our minds from the cares of the day. Rhythm of music can affect our mind too. The power of music found that listening loud or fast music that has a powerful rhythm can cheer us up or make us feel uncomfortable.In short, listening different types of music or different rhythm will affects people in physical and mental. The second effect is music has a healing power to help patient. This effect called music therapy. Music therapy is a therapy that uses music to help the patient by making patient listening to music. According to The Healing causation of Music, Music used therapeutically creates an environment where the patient can be nurtured and cared for in a way that is safe, gentle and appropriate.Accordingly, the therapist said that listen to music can help the patient who has a problem with retention such as Alzheimers carry better. The Healing Power of Music found that music has the capability to organize the brain of people with Alzheimers disease. In brief, music has a healing power to help patient such as Alzheimers di sease get better. The last effect of music is listening to music will improve brain function. There are the research that confirm that listening to music or playing an instrument can make you gain better.How Music Affects Us and Promotes Health said that music has an ability to help brain function which improve your interpreting and literacy skills, spatial-temporal reasoning, mathematic skill and emotional intelligence. Music also makes your brain memorize better. A study by How Music Affects Us and Promotes Health, There is clear evidence, that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training. Furthermore, listening to music when you excercising can boost your cognative levels and verbal smoothness skills.In summary, music can improve brain function such as mathematic skill, emotional intelligence, reading skill and makes your brain memorize better. In conclusion, these are the three main benefits of music that help pe ople improve their mind, physical, mental and brain function. Nowadays, we have mobile phone, mp3 or mp4 that has function to listen to music. So, we can listen to music everytime that we want. Now that you know about these then, you should listening music that you love everyday.

Product â€Amazon Kindle Fire Essay Example for Free

production virago wind up fervidness EssayProducts are not only the physical goods that we typically forecast of them they in any case include services sometimes as a different product and many a times as an extension of the product itself. At the heart of every product (or service) is providing honor to consumers and get value in return from them in the form of profits. With virtually every attractive market swamp with numerous competitors, service as an extension of the product offered sometimes becomes the point of differentiation (Zappos. com) and some former(a) times becomes the USP of a product (Dell computers and Southwest Airlines). This extension of the concept of a product which strives to add value to the core product benefit encompasses what we can call as an increase product. The concept of the augmented product can be better illustrated with the diagram shown in Appendix 1.Even while competing with hordes of kindred products, the Kindle Fire is much more than just another Me too oral contraceptive. It is a media device, not a substitute for the ipad or the PC. It is simply a device you can use to read books, watch videos, bear in mind to music, play simple games and connect to the web. It is a platform to make amazon products and services easily accessible. Amazon is a global online retail behemoth which I feel it can leverage very tumefy to spur the growth of a host of its product offerings placed on its Kindle Fire platform.Thus, it rightfully is a bundle of a variety of products and this combination makes it an interesting concept. However, will this strategic move truly have any effect on Amazons bottom line is still to be seen. Interestingly, the gross r crimsonue numbers of the device dont say anything about the success of the strategy, the effect of these gross sales on the bottom line (if slew spend on the website services) will hold the key for the company. in that location are mainly 2 types of Kindle Fire devices available advertizing subsidized and the one without advertising on it. Amazon is, like many other tech players, interested in controlling the key system end-to-end customer interaction. Reports say that the advertising subsidized versions are doing much better sales than the premium version.PricingThe real beauty of the product is its pricing when compared to similar products by Apple, Samsung and Google. The pricier tablets out in the market do offer sometimes larger memories, better picture quality, better screen resolutions, cellular capabilities the Kindle fire still provides the biggest bang for the buck. The additional features like profile sharing capabilities with innovative mental ability filtering capabilities coupled with Amazons huge collection of books, music, movies, games and other such applications make this product wellhead worth its cost.Amazon is trying a revolutionary new strategy on its kindle products it is change the computer hardware at cost to drive its sales of online media products (which enjoy higher profit margins) through their hardware platforms. This is notably different from Apple and Google who make money on every product they sell (Apple even boasts of such a value added services based eco-system). Amazons strategy has historically been customer-centric and the Kindle Fire fits perfectly into their strategy going forward. With cheap hardware, it retains present customers and attracts thousands of new ones every day. outer spacePlace is one of the agents that can work both in favor and against Amazon. Amazon wants to sell the Kindle Fire in the countries it can and already does sell its online services. It makes absolutely no money on the devices sold unless people respond to their ads and spend on their website. Currently, the device will be up-for-sale in the US, a few European countries,The major location for sale of the devices is the website itself which saves overhead costs tho limits customer reach to a plas tered extent. Many customers like to see, compare and play with their products to convince themselves of its value. This makes it tougher for the Kindle Fire to compete with other tablet products that have wide physical presence in the market. This can be turned to say that Amazon controls its product strategy and the message it wants to reach the normal.PromotionKindle Fire is being portrayed as a device the whole family can share and use. The new Kindle FreeTime feature enables a levy to filter content available to kids and kids can enjoy an interface and appearance more appealing to them. Amazon, like many other tech companies, does not really appreciate the use of Marketing terminologies internally but acknowledges the importance of the marketing tools of consumer-centric approach and a unified strategic approach to all of its products. Amazon thinks of itself as an innovative technology company and does not like to allocate too many resources to the traditional mediums of ma rketing like the print or TV ads. Word of mouth is a big positive factor for Amazons products. Mr. Jeff bezos, the founder and CEO of Amazon has himself said that they make no money on the hardware but expect to make money on the services (Razor and blades strategy).This is a very heady new approach and is yet to be proven successful or otherwise. This created a media buzz which reached the public (which is the end goal to reach the mass). Mr. Bezos has appeared on some other shows and has been present at press conferences to greet questions, to derive as much promotion from every public event as possible. Kindle has also been placed in visual and spoken product placements multiple times in popular TV series like The Big Bang Theory and even featured on the Oprah Winfrey show (with Jeff Bezos himself) and her website (a all of a sudden tutorial video featuring Jeff Bezos again).Present statusCustomers began receiving their Kindle Fires on November 15, 2011, and in the following December, customers purchased over 1 trillion Kindle devices per week. International Data Corporation (IDC) estimated that the Kindle Fire sold about 4.7 million units during the fourth quarter of 2011. Recently, the Amazon Kindle Fire helped the company beat their 2012 first quarter estimates. As of October 2012, the Kindle Fire is the second-best-selling tablet after Apples iPad, with about 7 million units sold according to estimates by Forrester Research.

Write about the poem Famine Shadows Essay Example for Free

Write close the poem Famine Shadows EssayYou should describe what the poet writes about and how he uses language to convey the verbalisers thoughts and tintings.The poem, Famine Shadows, by Robert Dunlop is a highly emotive poem that deals with the Irish famine of the 1800s. The poet uses imagery to capture the loudspeakers thoughts and feelings throughout, especially the bitterness they feel towards those better off than they be. Even the title alludes to the depressing nature of the poem, as the word, shadows, suggests darkness and lingering evil. Dunlop uses many an(prenominal) violent verbs in the first stanza, such as, thundered down, and, battered, to describe the coming of the famine which conveys that it came suddenly, like an ambush attack. It is too described as, Like a storm whipped up with perverse intensity. This simile makes use of pathetic fallacy, as the speaker compares the famine to an abrupt and harsh storm. Furthermore, the strong adjective, perverse, s ymbolises a deep sense of disorder and injustice.We are told that the speaker felt like, skin and bone beyond redemption. This infers how hopeless the situation was, as it describes people physically wasting away. Dunlop proceeds to directly contrast the, Lords of lands, cast direct masters, to the, fevered cabins of the poor. This juxtaposition is the crux of the poem the speaker laments the injustice of how the rich left the poor to suffer. This us and them attitude is continued in the second stanza, where the speaker refers to, the likes of us.Moving on to the second stanza, another striking simile is used to paint the utter disconsolateness of the Irish people Workhouse gates / Gaunt as our withered limbs. The adjective, withered, compares the people to dying plants rather than humans. They hold up become so frail that they are losing any sense of humanity they once had. There is even off a reference to, brimstone, which is symbolic of the living hell the speaker is going thro ugh. This barrage of emotive descriptions should complot feelings of pity and anger in the readers.Towards the culmination of the poem there is a tonal shift, where we are led to believe there may be some hope. The speaker tells of, kindly ladled, stirred-up soup, the first positive member to be introduced in the poem. However, even this is just a faade of hope. The speaker calls them, Friends of God, his use of inverted commas proving that he is so weary that he is instantly suspicious of anyone that tries to help him. The poem ends with a morbid melodic line Which drags us back towards / The ground from which we came. Dunlop reveals that death was always inevitable for the speaker.Furthermore, the poems form is a dramatic monologue where the poet writes using the voice of an anonymous speaker. In terms of structure the poem consists of 2 stanzas and has no rhyme scheme, reflecting the disorder of famine-struck Ireland. There are frequent uses of enjambment, which creates a te nsion between the sentence structure and the rhythm. This reflects the overall tension of the poem. Each line is quite short, perhaps a reflection of the stunted manner expectancy of the speaker.To conclude, Famine Shadows is a very dark and dismal poem that deals with one of the most god-awful events in Irelands history. Dunlop skilfully uses language to let the reader gain an insight into the thoughts and feelings of the speaker.

William Shakespeares Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

William Shakespeares Julius Caesar EssayJulius Caesar shows that people respond to role and jubilate in different ways. Discuss. William Shakespeares Julius Caesar has a strong focus on the response that various characters display to tycoonfulness and doughnut, and how and why this response may vary between them. Shakespeare shows contrast in response to superiority severely without the text, and explains that peoples retaliation to it will always differ. Where focus for some, lies in the spend a pennyment and holding of power, others prefer a view of conserving capital of Italys traditional government system. Contrast is seen strongly in characters views of Caesars death, and also in their opinions of the preceding events and Caesars exculpate of power. Despite these differing factors, all characters are portrayed to abide some kind of liking for power, and intention to chance upon authority over citizens. These qualities are seen most strongly across the protagonis ts of the story Caesar, Brutus, Cassius and Antony.Throughout the text, characters claim to even out Caesars rule for the pure fence of conserving the traditions of Romes government and heritage, but some developments strongly suggest the ulterior motivating of liking for power. The idea of Romes wide walk encompassing but only one man is daunting to Cassius, and he particularly portrays this throughout the play, joined by Brutus, claiming that the assassination of Caesar brings them peace, freedom and liberty. However, opposing this, Cassius states that he was born as free as Caesar and thus is equally deserving of power, implying envy or resent toward the omnipotence Caesar hits. Brutus stands by his intention, unquestionably signifying his part with the conspirators was non that he loved Caesar less, but that he loved Rome more.Brutus feels as though Caesars leadership would negatively impact Rome and the good that Roman citizens be ingest achieved. In contrast, Caesar a nd Antony both claim that Caesars rule would be corroboratory for Rome. Antony, as a strong supporter, stands by Caesar and claims that Caesar does have love for Rome, and would never have dress the fate of Rome in danger. Although he states this verbally much later in the play, this is seen through Antony presenting the upper side to Caesar upon his return to Rome from defeating Pompey. Caesar himself believes that he is worthy to rule Rome, and wants to gain the trust and support of the Roman citizens.He begins to do this by rejecting the cr accept when offered it, knowing that many people would be unhappy with theacceptance of the crown, and the sequent ending of the Republic, however it is evident that his intentions may change. When told to attend the Senate as the crown is going to be offered to him again, Caesar eagerly takes this opportunity, implying his desire. Although he is for the good of Rome, he still has intention to go against the system of government in nates for omnipotence.Upon Caesars assassination, the opinions of many characters is shown to vary strongly, and this develops increasingly evident as the text continues. Antony instantly ridicules the reasoning of the assassination, saying that he was not ambitious in the sense of gaining supremacy, as he was thrice presenteda kingly crown and he did thrice refuse, posing his said ambition to be questionable. This is a sign of his tranquility toward power and those who have acquired it, contrasting with Cassius, who feels it is unruly for Caesar to bestride the narrow world as the sole leader of Rome, and sees that this is fair reason for Caesars assassination. Cassius here appears to have desire for power, and to use Toward the conclusion of the text, upon taking their own lives, both Cassius and Brutus formally talk their views of their intentions in Caesars assassination, but they also have differing responses to what they have done.While Brutus seems to show regret over violent de ath Caesar, Cassius seems bitter about Caesars death, with the claim that Caesar was revenged by Cassius suicide, as if to entitle him with the blame for his death. Brutus seems regretful, as he states that Caesar was killed with half so good a will than himself, saying that he is more deserving of death, and bidding Caesar to be still in his death. The protagonists views on the assassination drive forward the strong ambition they show to attain power themselves, and their feelings toward those who are in power.Opinions of Caesars success are heavily contrasted between the storys protagonists to emphasise how they see glory and fame, particularly comparing Antony and Cassius. Their views oppose each other, with Antony strongly supporting the success and rise of Caesar, where Brutus claims that Romans as underlings should be striving to go against Caesars control, and change the way Caesar is leading. Antony focuses strongly on Caesarsleadership as a positive part of Romes society, and the love Caesar displays to the people. He signifies this by thrice presenting Caesar a kingly crown, and telling the people of Rome of Caesars great feats. Although the main contrast lies here, both Brutus and Caesar himself have their own opinions, both of which somewhat contrast with the views of Antony and Cassius.Brutus responds to Caesars reign by questioning Caesars character, and pondering the idea that Caesars crowning might change his nature, implying that he may become a worse person because of it. Caesar himself has a positive response to his gain of power, but soon it seems as though power soon goes to his head, and he begins to make rash decisions that regard the people of Rome more harshly. Each protagonist has a different approach to Caesars reign, and each character responds to his rise in their own individual manner.The segregation of opinions in regards to power and glory is contrasted in itself by each characters shared desire for power. This element of the text is seen at some times more strongly than others, as characters portray their emotions through private and public thoughts differently, and express more in what they think privately. Cassius, although seemingly for the good of Rome is draw by Caesar to have a mean and hungry look, implying that he has desire for power, which is also seen through the implication of his harshness and envy of Caesar when he claims that he was born as free as him. Brutus is probably the least power hungry of characters, although he still does desire power and fortune, as he claims he would not have it so with Caesar a ruler, yet he still loves him well.Antony seems to want the attention and respect of people in the assembly of Roman citizens more than legitimate power over them, and uses his public speaking and persuasive skills to achieve this, with his repetition of the phrase Brutus is an honourable man to condescend and degrade him. Caesar is the most power hungry of them all, although does no t seem it in his rejection of the crown. He wants men about him who are fat in the sense of knowledge, and topic with the power they have, as he does not want anyone stealing his power from him. Each protagonist shares this lust for glory and prestige, and each in a sense gains some triumph throughout the text.Although there is a shared desire to obtain and hold power, the characters Shakespeare portrays in Julius Caesar depict the differing responses that many characters can have to the power they have, or the power those around them have emphatically. They may share some aspects of their reactions, or portray it in a similar sense, but overall, the characters views and opinions vary heavily throughout the text. Each aspect of the response characters have is seen in all four, but in each it opposes, as seen through the choices and reflections that characters portray.

Wireless radio signals Essay Example for Free

radio set radio signals EssayCoverage area The space in which the radio receiver radio signals in integrity wireless local area network can effectively reach and be used to trip out and receive selective information between the Wlocal area networks APs and its clients. Shared bandwidth A term referring to how some meshs must share the repair to send data by taking turns, which limits the total number of bits sent by all devices (the networks total capacity). Wi-Fi A term created by the Wi-Fi Alliance as part of its overall wireless LAN branding and marketing strategy this term has become somewhat synonymous with wireless LAN over time. LAN edge A reference to the part of the campus LAN with the end-user devices and the switches to which they connect, through an Ethernet switch or a wireless LAN access point, that contains the largest number of physical links.WLAN hotspot A location, typically in a business like a retailer or restaurant, where customers can come and go and where the company offers a wireless LAN plus Internet access to its customers, often for free. Basic wait on Set In wireless LANs, a single wireless access point (AP) and the client devices that send data to/from that AP. Extended Service Set A wireless LAN in which all devices make pass through one wireless access point at a time, but the wireless LAN has at least two access points that cooperate to create the single wireless LAN. Unlicensed relative frequency bandA set of consecutive frequencies reserved by national regulators (like the FCC in the United States), with the regulations allowing anyones devices to use the frequencies, although all must follow certain rules (like limiting power) so that all can admit along when using the said(prenominal) frequencies. Nonoverlapping channels In wireless LANs, channels (frequency ranges) used for sending data for which the frequencies do not overlap, which allows multiple devices to send data at the same time in the same space. Man agement and control frames 802.11 frames defined for some overhead function in 802.11, instead of being a data frame, which carries upper-layer information. Service Set ID (SSID) The formal term for the name of a wireless LAN, as announce in Beacon frames.

Isaac Asimov Essay Example for Free

Isaac Asimov EssayIsaac Asimov, the pre-eminent popular-science writer of the day and for more(prenominal) than 40 old age whizz of the best and best-kn induce writers of science fiction, died yesterday at recent York University Hospital. He was 72 years ageing and lived in Manhattan. He died of heart and kidney failure, say his br separate, Stanley. Mr. Asimov was amazingly prolific, writing arisely 500 books on a wide range of subjects, from works for preschoolers to college textbooks. He was perhaps best known for his science fiction and was a pioneer in elevating the genre from pulp- powder magazine adventure to a more intellectual level that dealt with sociology, history, mathematics and science. scarce he also wrote mysteries, as well as critically acclaimed books well-nigh the Bible, physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, limericks, humor, Shakespeare, Gilbert and Sullivan, ancient and advanced history, and many other subjects.Mr. Asimovs prime(prenominal) boo k, Pebble in the Sky (Ballantine), a science-fiction novel, was published in 1950. His first ampere-second books took him 237 months, or almost 20 years, until October 1969, to write. His second 100, a milestone he reached in March 1979, took 113 months, or about 9 1/2 years a rate of more than 10 books a year. His third 100 took only 69 months, until December 1984, or less than 6 years. composition is more fun than ever, he express in a 1984 interview. The longer I write, the easier it gets. He formerly explained how he came to write Asimovs Guide to Shakespeare (Crown). It began, he said, with a book called Words of Science. Science led to Words on the Map, he remarked, which took me to The Greeks, which led me to The Roman Republic, The Roman Empire, The Egyptians, The Near East, The Dark Ages, The Shaping of England and then Words From History.It was an low-cal jump to Words in Genesis, which brought on Words From the Exodus. That led me to Asimovs Guide to the Old Testa ment, and then The New Testament. So what was left except Shakespeare? His usual routine was to awake at 6 A.M., sit cut out at the typewriter by 730 and work until 10 P.M. In In Memory moreoer Green, the first volume of his autobiography, published in 1979, he explained how he became a compulsive writer. His Russian-born father possess a succession of candy funds in Brooklyn that were open from 6 A.M. to 1 A.M. seven days a week. Young Isaac got up at 6 oclock every morning to deliver papers and rushed rest home from school to process out in the store every afternoon. If he was even a some minutes late, his father yelled at him for being a folyack, Yiddish for sluggard. Even more than 50 years later, he wrote It is a point of pride with me that though I have an alarm clock, I neer set it, but get up at 6 A.M. anyway. I am still show my father Im not a folyack.He Learns to Read, Then Teaches Sister Isaac Asimov was born Jan. 2, 1920, in the Soviet Union, near Smolensk, the son of Judah and Anna Rachel Berman Asimov. He was brought to the United States in 1923 and was naturalized in 1928. He taught himself to read before he was 5 years old, using the signs on his Brooklyn street. A couple of years later, with a little help from his father, he taught himself to read Yiddish. When he was 7, he taught his younger sister to read. He skipped several grades and received a gamy-school diploma when he was 15. After discovering science fiction on the magazine rack in his fathers store and overcoming his fathers objections to fanciful subject matter he tried writing science fiction himself and sold his first story when he was 18. The story, Marooned Off Vesta, ran in the October 1938 issue of Amazing Stories.Three years later, in 1941, he sold a story called evenfall to Astounding Science assembly, then the top magazine in the field. It was edited by John W. Campbell Jr., whose ability to find talented writers was largely responsible for what is considered the well-situated Age of science fiction in the 1930s and 40s. Almost 30 years after Nightfall was published, the Science Fiction Writers of America voted it the best science-fiction short story ever written. Astounding Science paying a cent a word, Mr. Asimov once recalled. So for a 12,000-word story I expected $120. I got a check for $150 and thought Mr. Campbell had made a mistake. But when Mr. Asimov called to tell him, he said the story had seemed so good to him he gave me a bonus of one-quarter cent a word. Mr. Asimov graduated from capital of South Carolina University in 1939 with a bachelor of science degree, and earned an M.A. in 1941 and a Ph.D. in chemistry in that location in 1948.The next year, he accepted an offer from Boston Universitys School of Medicine to teach biochemistry. I didnt feel impelled to tell them that Id never had any biochemistry, he recalled in a 1969 interview. By 1951 I was writing a textbook on biochemistry, and I concludingly realized the only thing I really wanted to be was a writer. He was made an associate professor of biochemistry in 1955 and a professor in 1979, although he stopped teaching in 1958 and only occasionally went back to the university to lecture. A Science Fiction Of Verve and Clarity Mr. Asimovs science-fiction novels and stories win many awards five Hugos, given by the fans, and leash Nebula Awards, given by his fellow writers. His Foundation Trilogy (all published by Doubleday) which takes place in a hereafter galactic empire and consists of Foundation (1951), Foundation and Empire (1952) and Second Foundation (1953) was given a Hugo in 1966 as Best All-Time Science-Fiction Series.Among his nonfiction works, Asimovs New Guide to Science is considered one of the best books about science for the layman. Reviewing Foundations Edge (Doubleday), a sequel to the trilogy and the first of Mr. Asimovs books to make the New York Times best-seller list, the critic Gerald Jonas said in The New York Times Bo ok Review in 1982 He writes much better than he did 33 years ago yet he has lost none of the verve he brought to this serial publication when he and the galaxy were much younger. What more could one ask? Foundations Edge won a Hugo in 1983 as the best science-fiction novel of the year. In recent years, Mr. Asimov wrote Foundation and Earth (1986) and Prelude to Foundation (1988). A final novel, Forward the Foundation, is to be published by Bantam Books later this year. Mr. Asimov himself made no capacious claims for his work. I make no effort to write poetically or in a high literary style, he said in 1984. I try only to write clearly and I have the very good fortune to think clearly so that the writing comes out as I think, in satisfactory shape.I never read Hemingway or Fitzgerald or Joyce or Kafka, he once wrote. To this day I am a stranger to 20th-century fiction and poetry, and I have no doubt that it shows in my writing. No Typist or Agent, And No Airplanes He wrote his firs t drafts on his typewriter, and short articles and final drafts on a word processor, and he rewrote everything only once. Its not out of conceit, he said. But I have lots of stuff Im committed to write and if I linger lovingly I drug abuse be able to write at all. Not everything, however, fell into place easily. He once did a childrens book in a day, but the Shakespeare book took two years. The book he considered his favorite, Murder at the A.B.A. (1976), a mystery novel in which he himself was a character, took seven weeks The Gods Themselves (1972), a science-fiction novel that won both the Hugo and the Nebula awards, took seven months.I do all my own typing, my own research, answer my own mail, Mr. Asimov once said. I dont even have a literary agent. This way there are no arguments, no instructions, no misunderstandings. I work every day. Sunday is my best day no mail, no telephones. Writing is my only interest. Even speaking is an interruption. Although he wrote about space tra vel through countless universes and inflammation years, Mr. Asimov himself refused to fly. Isaac says that he loves to fly into space and span the galaxies, the editor Ben Bova once remarked. But only in his imagination. Among Mr. Asimovs other well-known science-fiction works were I, Robot (1950), in which he invented his famous Three Laws of Robotics, which govern the relation of robots to their merciful masters robots may not injure a gentle or, by inaction, allow a human to be harmed robots must obey humans orders unless doing so conflicts with the first law robots must protect their own existence unless doing so conflicts with the first two laws.Robot and galactic-empire themes eventually expanded and intertwined in 14 novels. inexplicable of Success Its All in the Genes He also wrote many nonfiction works and magazine articles on a wide range of subjects and was the editorial director of a magazine named after him Isaac Asimovs Science Fiction Magazine for which he wrote the editorials in each issue. He received the James T. Grady Award of the American chemical substance Society in 1965 and the American Association for the Advancement of Science-Westinghouse Science Writing Award in 1967. late Mr. Asimov said he had had a prostate operation and was cutting back on his writing. He suspend his monthly column in Fantasy and Science Fiction magazine, to which he had contributed some 400 columns and articles over 33 years.Writing 10 or more books a year was standard procedure for Mr. Asimov, and he continued his busy pace after a heart attack in 1977 and triple ring road surgery in 1983. I have been fortunate to be born with a restless and effectual brain, with a capacity for clear thought and an ability to put that thought into words, he once remarked. none of this is to my credit. I am the beneficiary of a lucky break in the genetic sweepstakes. Mr. Asimov once told an interviewer about sadly contemplating death and the end of conscious thought. Bu t, he said, he cheered himself with the thought that I dont have to occupy about that, because there isnt an idea Ive ever had that I havent put down on paper.