Dr. Abdus Salam :: biographies biography bio

Dr. Salam was born in the small village of Jhang, present day Pakistan in 1926 where he attended the first few eld of school. His father was an official in the Department of Education for the poor farming district. A fast learner Dr. Salam attended the University of the Punjab at the age of 13 and at the age of 14 he received the highest numbers ever recorder for the Matriculation Examination at the university. Due to his outstanding grades he received a full intuition to the Government College, University of Punjab.In 1946 he obtained his MA in physics and then that very same year he was awarded with a scholarship to St. Johns College, Cambridge where he got a double BA with honors in mathematics and physics in 1949 and then a Ph. D in Theoretical Physics from Cambridge in 1952. At this point in his he had already received the Smiths consider by the University of Cambridge for the most outstanding pre-doctoral contribution to physics (1950).Then in 1951 Dr. Salam returned to his grow to teach mathematics at the Government College, Lahore, Pakistan. Since Dr. Salam was a man who was very devoted to his religion and because he belonged to the Ahmadiyya Muslim sect, considered heretical by many Muslims, he decided to leave his lovemaking Pakistan when the stigma of being a part of the Ahmadiyya sect became too much and the realization that he would not be open to continue his research in physics in such conditions. So in 1954 Dr. Salam left Pakistan for a lectureship at Cambridge.After many years of contributions to the humanness of physics at many different schools and institutions, including, Cambridge, London University, Imperial College of London, Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, and many others, in 1979 Dr. Salam received a Nobel Prize in physics for the work he had done in the electroweak theory, which is the mathematical and conceptual synthesis of the electromagnetic and weak interactions-the latest stage reached until now on the path towa rds the unification of the fundamental forces of nature. Salam, Sheldon Glashow, and Steven Weinberg arrived at the theory independently and shared the prize. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam). At this point he finally felt he had gotten the love of his beloved Pakistan and served on many Pakistani comities.Quantum Electrodynamics or QED is the quantum field theory which describes the properties of the electromagnetic forces. All forces or interactions of nature are thought to be comprised of 4 basic forces, Gravity, Electromagnetism, Strong nuclear force, and the Weak nuclear force.

Critical Analysis on a Tina Modotti Photograph Essay -- Papers

Critical Analysis on a Tina Modotti Photograph Tina Modotti was from a very brusque working class society. She was brought up in the northeast part of Italy, in Udine, Friuli. She was born at the tail end of the industrial revolution, in 1896. However, you could say, by any means, that her village hadnt changed the slightest since the seventh century. She lived vigorously by means ofout her childhood, working endless hours in a silk-textile factory to earn a cash flow and to support the family through starvation. After their father had abandoned them when Tina was twelve and fled to America, the land of dreams, to repeat, Tina was the familys sole breadwinner, and played an essential role in the escape from starvation and the gradual escape to San Francisco. Fin ally, in America she immediately found work, however it was a similar kind of sweatshop labour she was used to in Italy, but the modern land and the general sleep with itself filled her with s elf believe and self esteem. The photograph represents a metaphoric symbol of a pair of working class puppeteer hands and one of them is irresponsible the other. It is symbolizing the way the goernment controls the working class, as if the working class were puppets themselves. It is an extremely clever metaphor. They ar compared to the government and the government seems to be deciding the percentage or even controlling the working classs life. The immense, rough hand above represents the government and therefore, controlling the feeble, knotted one below. In my opinion, the photograph by Tina Modotti symbolises baron above all else. There is also a great contrast in the lighting. Firstly, b... ...e) rapped in thick wire. It is being controlled by all the other feet, who are the puppeteers. They are the rich class so therefore, they marginalise the poor because of there lack of money and even freedom. The central foots fate is in the hands of all the other personalities (feet). Like Tina Modottis photograph, my piece of art would represent a metaphor, showing how the rich dictate and marginalise the poor. Similarly, how we spend money ad fuss over unnecessary items, for instance a pair on expensive Nike trainers or a pair of golden ear rings. On the other hand, the poor, inn just about cases, cant even afford education, or even health services, which is vital for our survival in life. In conclusion, this is what I would like my message to be, I would hopefully subdue a produce one similar through my piece of art work.

Economics Essay -- Understanding Economics Essays

Definition of Topic Economics is the study of supply and demand. It defines the ways that human beings allocate resources and how resources are distributed amongst a market. It allows you to see trends in current market places and predict what may happen in the future. Many different subjects were erstwhile regarded as a part of frugals. Political science and even sociology were once considered part of the field. These subjects still play a major role in concord economics but are also completely separate disciplines today.History Since ancient times, humans vex contemplated basic economic problems. Many great minds have tried to master the subject. Aristotle and Plato were probably the first to document such studies. Both agreed that living by trade was ill fated. Influenced by Greek economic ideals the Romans built their wealth. After the fall of Rome, the Catholic Church would become the power behind most economic laws. They would condemn usury and regarded commerce as lowly to agriculture.It wasnt until 1776 that economics became a study of its own. Adam Smith is considered the father of economics. Through his work Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, he used commerce and physiocracy to develop classical economics. Smith emphasized consumption, rather than production to broaden the scope of economics. Modern thought still follows his examples for permitting self-interest in order to press national prosperity. This is most evident when looking at todays smaller business market.Twenty years later, Malthus would write a discouraging, but precise influential book, An Essay on the Principle of Population. Malthus believed that the human race would eventually be doomed by overpopulation. His theory was that food would increase in arithmetic ratio but population would double every generation. This theory is faulty because it does not account for disease, famine, war, etc. Malthus view of supply and demand left a permanent impression on generations to come. It would hence be know as the dismal science.Next to revolutionize economics would be the Communist Manifesto in 1848. Karl Marx had the classical vision of capitalism, Marxism was in large measure a sharp rebuttal, but to some extent it embodied variations of classical themes. For Marx, the labor theory was a clue to the inner work... ...oss the country at many prestigious universities for economics professors. As an economics major, graduates could work for the National Institute of Health as an operations Research Analyst, as an accountant (anywhere), or in almost any research or marketing opening. The Centers for Disease Control even require economists they soon have positions open for post-doctorate fellowships. These are just a sampling of the job opportunities in the field and related fields of economics. With very little research, anyone interested in economics could find a plethora of interesting and challenging careers pursuable within the realm of economics.Works CitedThe Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright 1994, 2000, Columbia University Press. licence from Columbia University Press. http//www.careerbuilder.com searched (economics)http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/bus/A0816721.html http//www.whitehouse.gov/fsbr/employment.htmlMicrosoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2002. 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.Understanding Business. Nickels, William G. McHugh, James M. McHugh, Susan M. Copyright 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York.

Hindutva :: essays research papers

The ideology of Hindutva is becoming popular because there is a outgrowth realization that everything else that has been tried to inculcate a national spirit, has failed to yield the desired results. Many people previously opposed to Hindutva have embraced the ideology, as they believe that the solutions to the countrys problems provoke be found within it. At the mass level, with the work done by many individuals and organizations, the acceptance has been a relatively easy task. However, at the quick level the success leaves much to be desired. The reason for this is that those who are opposed to Hindutva occupy positions of power in the academic field. They have ensured that the research done on Hindutva remains at the fringe of the scholarly arena. Not only are the public resources denied to the work that needs to be done, but the funds are world invested in anti-Hindutva propaganda, with an intention to prove Hinduism as a regressive religion and a backward culture. Most peop le who live abroad and write on India rely for their information on the English media and writings, which paint an essentially negative picture of Hindutva. It is therefore necessary to give the theoretical basis of the Hindutva movement out-of-pocket publicity. In one of his recent books, a Eurpean scholar, Dr. Koenraad Elst says, "In Europe every sizeable party or ideological pressure-group has set up a think-tank to bankrupt ideology and formulate policy proposals. The Communists in India have a host of intellectuals (mostly on state and university pay-rolls) working full-time to develop the Marxist view on each and every topic. All the valuable and useful political thought produced by the Hindu movement would not exceed a few volumes, to gravel mildly. As long as there is no intellectual mobilization, Hindu society is badly on the defensive. Hindu society has a host of intellectual young people available, trained in traditional or modern learning, whose talent is wasted because there seems to be no Hindu nerve stub interested in putting them to work.

Comparing Poe and Whittman Essay -- comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing Poe and Whittman A victorious writer is he who is able to transmit ideas, emotions, and wisdom on to his readers. He is cable of stirring emotions and capturing the readers charge with vivid descriptions and clever dialogues. The writer can even play with the meanings of words and fuse reality with fiction to achieve his goal of taking the reader on a wonderful journey. His tools are scarce words, yet the art of writing is found in the use of the language to create though-provoking pieces that defy the changing times. betwixt the lines, voices and images emerge. Not everyone can write effectively and invoke these voices. It is those few who can create certain psychological effects on the reader who can acquire him (or her) with inspiring teachings, frightening thoughts, and playful games with the language. These people are true writers In addition, authors frequently lack originality and scarce take the reader on all-too-familiar voyages into politics, morals, or r eligion. self-made writers are those who risk and go on to write about topics that many times others have been less willing to address. The product of these extraordinary efforts is compositions richly deepen by human feelings and real problems that we encounter and relate to our everyday livesthought-provoking discussions about religion, philosophy, or politics. These pioneering authors are not afraid to write about evil, the froward aspects of man, or even sexuality Their true voices have risen from behind the words taking shape in the minds of the readers. Few have done this, but in the 19th Century two remarkable Americans produced compositions of unequal quality. Their styles and the way they approach the reader are different from t... ... something (AL 2139) Could it be that their originality sprouts from the fact that they have both(prenominal) been able to express so humanly the cries of the soul while at the same time leaving mysteries and ambiguity for the readers mi nds to personalize to their own life experiences? Their translucent styles enabled them to expresses exactly what was on their minds with words, leaving behind all inhibitions. The themes of their compositions and the moral issues captured our attention. I think the reader was able to feel he was truly experiencing the story simply because so much was left as a mystery for our unconscious to reflect upon I am convinced that this is the key element that makes both Whitman and Poe successful writers. Works Cited Reidhead J. ed. (1998, Fifth Edition) The Norton Anthology of American Literature Volume 1 Norton & Company, New York

Comparing Poe and Whittman Essay -- comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing Poe and Whittman A successful writer is he who is able to transmit ideas, emotions, and wisdom on to his referees. He is cable of aspiration emotions and capturing the readers attention with vivid descriptions and clever dialogues. The writer rout out even play with the meanings of words and fuse reality with fiction to achieve his goal of taking the reader on a wonderful journey. His tools are but words, yet the art of writing is found in the use of the language to create though-provoking pieces that defy the ever-changing times. Between the lines, voices and images emerge. Not everyone can write effectively and invoke these voices. It is those few who can create certain psychological effects on the reader who can seize him (or her) with inspiring teachings, frightening thoughts, and playful games with the language. These people are true writers In addition, authors frequently lack originality and simply take the reader on all-too-familiar voyages into politics, mora ls, or religion. Successful writers are those who risk and go on to write just about topics that many times others befool been less willing to address. The product of these extraordinary efforts is compositions extravagantly enhanced by human feelings and real problems that we encounter and relate to our everyday livesthought-provoking discussions about religion, philosophy, or politics. These pioneering authors are not afraid to write about evil, the perverse aspects of man, or even sexuality Their true voices have risen from behind the words taking shape in the minds of the readers. Few have do this, but in the 19th Century two remarkable Americans produced compositions of unequal quality. Their styles and the way they approach the reader are different from t... ... something (AL 2139) Could it be that their originality sprouts from the fact that they have both(prenominal) been able to express so humanly the cries of the soul while at the same time leaving mysteries and amb iguity for the readers minds to personalize to their own biography experiences? Their distinct styles enabled them to expresses exactly what was on their minds with words, leaving behind all inhibitions. The themes of their compositions and the moral issues captured our attention. I think the reader was able to feel he was truly experiencing the trading floor simply because so much was left as a mystery for our unconscious to reflect upon I am convinced that this is the key element that makes both Whitman and Poe successful writers. Works Cited Reidhead J. ed. (1998, Fifth Edition) The Norton Anthology of American Literature Volume 1 Norton & Company, New York

College Acceptance Essay

Education is one of the most important activities that we postulate to go with in our life. It is the reason why the world is where it is today. All of these growthes and inventions would commit never been achieved if it was not for educated mass. It helped the society to ferment smarter and better choices. Almost all of the inventions that make our life easier today are the outcome of education. Scientists, politicians, teachers, etc. are all first educated before they go out to the real world to example what they have learned. Universities and colleges are the places where people go seeking for higher education.Students go forth do whatever they flock to make sure they end up in one of these places. Unfortunately, not everybody is accepted. Every institution has its own requirements for disciples have to match in order to be accepted. Not long ago, minorities used to impertinence a very challenging situation if they wanted to get into a higher education institute. These things dont seem to be that big of a line right now. Students get accepted to different kinds of schools depending on how good they realize during their high school year and on their SAT test scores.The controversial homecoming now is whether students academician background should be the only work out considered in admission. Even though universities and colleges are home for knowledge and students should be accepted fit to their ability to learn, other factors should similarly be considered to give students a second bechance at a higher education institute. Academic eligibility is a major obstacle one has to meet in order to be able to attend a higher education institution. Some people have bully action that quit them to attend the college of their dreams.Others, however, may not be as smart and may lack the eligibility required to attend a college. Universities are places where students face challenging lessons and are excepted to try to the best of their ability to t race. Those who have a better background in studying habits are more likely to succeed in school. The education we get at an early age will affect us on our journey to success. That is why universities should consider academic performance in their admission requirements. Students with satisfying SAT score and a good GPA should not be worried about getting accepted or not They deserve it.As long as school is a place for education, those who prove they have been committed to their lessons should be the only ones given the chance to progress in their education. One of the other reasons why academic achievement should be the only factor considered for college admission is for fair treatment and morality. If a soul has done a good job through out his/her educational process in high school, he/she deserves to be accepted to their dream college. It would not be fair if he/she is turned down by his/her dream college while a careless sectionmate gets his acceptance letter.It would not be f air. The students moral will be crushed. Not being able to make his/her dream come true after dedicating all their fourth dimension on their education, will, without a doubt, leave a student hopeless. Therefore, the admission board needs to respect the concept of education and those hard working students and consider only academic eligibility. Admissions should only concentrate on how the student can reply to his/her educational challenges not on how they can run across the field.Athletes can not perform as well as those accepted for their academic eligibility, they in addition regularly finish their college carries in the bottom of their class (editorial 371). Another reason for the necessity of the mend consideration of academic eligibility for college admission is the future. People in universities are the leaders of tomorrow. They need to have a diverse view of the world supported by their education. They should understand any issue that may come from any part of the world so that they can help solve it.These leaders of tomorrow also need to have a good background in education starting from preschool. They need to understand the importance of education for life. In order to prise education, they need to know the rewards that come from it. The future leaders, are those who take school seriously. Those who take it seriously are more likely to get satisfying grades that allow them to enter a higher education institute. If we care about our future, we should consider it in all our decisions.The college admission office should consider only academic eligibility because those who regain of the future are those who get the satisfying grades and those should be rewarded the acceptance letter. On the other hand, the benefit that colleges get from the athletic students is beyond anyones imagination. Especially slight universities need these athletes to compete with other schools and keep their reputation. These small, highly selective liberal universities such as Harvard have a wide selection of sports, but they also need a strong team.The problem these schools are facing is the size of the student body. The schools can not make strong teams if there is not more to choose from. Athletes make up 32% of the male student body at schools like Harvard and Williams, as opposed to only 5% at a school like the University of Michigan. (Editorial 370). If we taking look at the professional sport field, like the NBA, NFL, MLS, and others, we can see that many star players rose from universities and colleges. These pro athletes became stars by playing sports in their universities.These colleges are the reason why we now enjoy our favorite sport every week. Students come from all over the world with striking potentials. Students who enter the United States after finishing high school or on the erg of finishing high school, will have a difficult time getting into highly selective universities. America is the home for many immigrant scientists and en gineers, and these high school or college students from other countries could be the next scientists or engineers. Other countries have a very difficult grading system than the U. S. A.When the grade conversions are made in the U. S, what was the highest score in the class back home will now be nothing more than the average. This average grade wont take immigrant students to one of these best universities or colleges. Their background is the only chance they have to get accepted. Most colleges embrace diversity and try to accept people of all races. The more universities and colleges accept these type of students, the more diverse the schools can be.They can bring a cultural diversity among students which can be used in the future to solve problems outside of the U.S. therefore, these foreigners depend on another factor other than academic eligibility to be accepted into a college. For most of our population, education is the only way out of poverty or any other problem. people put their faith on it and hope to get the best it can offer. They will do anything to go anywhere it leads them. Before they taste the fruits of education, they have to empower through tests and other obstacles. Getting to college is one of those obstacles. To get accepted into one of the finest schools is a major issue.Students wish to enroll into a school they desire and progress in their education to help themselves, their family, and their country. In order to do this, they need to keep a satisfying score while they are in school. As students, teens have more to offer than their brain. Not one but many of them can make the institute they represent best at what these students do in any event learning, benefiting themselves and their schools. Therefore, it is important for universities and colleges to take a good look at the students ability to learn, without forgetting but respecting what they can do when they are not in a class room.

Moral Value Novel Back to the Dreamtime

NOVEL BACK TO THE DREAMTIME Based on the story game to the dream clip the relationship of two main characters which I choose is Richard and his adoptive brothers, tomcat. Richard start out was an aboriginal descent, and he died when Richard was two year old. This proof from rascal 7, said Richard my father was an aboriginal and he died when I was two year old.They very close relationship because they in same age and tom turkey are more sr. then Richard, this can be proof on page 23 from the conver sit downion between turkey cock and Richard that what older brothers are for said by tom jokingly, yeah yet just a bit older said Richard two months to be exact from this we know that, tom is older than Richard two month, precisely there are not brother with blood relation. Richard is adoptive children in tom turkey family and from Aboriginal family. Then, parent Tom is Joe and Sonya and have only one child, Judy.This family is joy family because parent Tom take care and love Rich ard same with their children. Tom and Richard very close because always share sadness and happiness in concert. We can fulfill in chapter 1, Tom look Richard round problem Richard and plan Richard after study. They study in the same school. Every day they went to school together. Proof from page 6, come on now, let go, or we will be late for school. Richard, Tom and Judy in addition usually play together in pass and they favorite sport is cricket .They always cooperation to become good teachers in cricket to their sister, Judy. They also together to clean up the attic together that ask from their father. They very respect their father and not protest when their ask father to clean up attic and that time, they in start to play cricket together with their sibling. In chapter 2, although they think cannot to finish their job that day because very mess that attic to clean up, the steady to clean up and accept opinion Judy. Tom also close with Richard friend, they always hang out t ogether.They usually hang out at their favorite place that just down the road and sat near the edge of the cliff. This proof from page 14, tom and Bradley left the school grounds secretly to go to their favourite place just down the road, however still close enough for the school bell to be heard. They also enjoy with watching the surfers battling the waves and coming off second best. In chapter 3, they discuss about camp at Alice Spring at that place. In chapter 5 also, they have hang out at the railway tracks.They discuss about planning to go Alice Spring and Bradley planning to follow together and they agree with that because Bratley and his father usually go to explore. Tom also responsible brother, in chapter 5, Richard and their parent need go to Alice Spring to solve problem about carver, Tjurunga. That time, with feel responsible ,he ask Richard to follow go to Alice Spring together because he know Richard not go that place to holiday but have serious matter. He as brother feel responsible to take care and help their brother.For example Tom wanted to come along with Richard to go to Alice Spring to help Richard find more information about his aboriginal life. Although Tom has no connection with Richards life but he is willing to sacrifice his break time and not going for holiday to come along with Richard. He know when together ,their parent and Richard will a lot better . He only give reason to go take great photos at that place. Tom also easy to suitable with Richard environment that from aboriginal. In chapter 6, they meet Mr. Aranda to ask about carver, Tjurunga and Mr.Aranda invite to go their house to rest and eat. Although first meet, they start to close with Mr. Aranda because he so nice and ready to help . In chapter 6, they go Hermannsburg Mission to meet Mr. Urandangi to solve their problem about carver, Tjurunga. That place over forty days ago not have guest from white people and Tom and Bradley is first after that. Although they can suit able with that condition and have some time they see villagers always see they with strange sight. As conclusion, Tom and Richard so close and always take care together as like friend.Although Richard only adoptive children, their family still consider Richard like son and Tom still take care about Richard same he take care their sister Judy. In addition, Tom is a good friend for his brother Richard. For example, when Richard look so confused, Tom come to give Richard some advice such as Tom told Richard that not to give up. Then, Richard must face up to who you really are and he has to come to terms with his new world. Richard also must to be a strong person. So, this advice make Richard feel happy.

The Indigo Spell Chapter Twenty

IAN WOKE ME THE NEXT MORNING with a super-early phone call. At first, I thought maybe he hoped to sneak in before the other Alchemists woke up, only if it turned come out of the closet he undecomposed valued to occupy eat beforehand. Seeing as hed valetaged to get me access, I couldnt very well refuse. Hed originally wanted to go to the deftness in the late morning, exclusively I talked him into red closer to noon. It meant lingering retentiveer over breakfast, but it was worth the sacrifice. However, I was strictly cover songrest to khakis and a linen top. Espionage aside, cocktail dresses and breakfast buffets just didnt mix. As a concession, however, I unbuttoned deuce buttons at the top of my shirt. Openly wearing that into the facility was practically R-rated, and Ian seemed thrilled by the scandalous act.Sunday at the facility was much quieter than the previous night. Although Alchemists never really got a break from their duties, most of the center worked normal w eekday business hours. I had no difficulties checking in through the master(prenominal) reception again, but as predicted, we had a undersized delay in getting to the restore area. The guy on duty wasnt the friend who owed Ian a favor. We had to holdup for him to shine out from the certify room, and crimson then, it likewisek Ian a bit of cajoling to convince his colleague to let me in. I think it was unambiguous to both of them that Ian was just stressful to impress me, and finally, the first guy relented to what seemed like a harmless errand. After all, I was a fellow Alchemist, and I was only going on a tour of a library. What could possibly go wrong?They searched my purse and do me walk through a metal detector. I had two spells in forefront that I could perform without physical components, so at least I didnt get hold of to explain any crystals or herbs. The trickiest lay out was a thumb mount Id hidden in my bra. They might not have questioned me carrying one in my purse, but I hadnt wanted to risk it being called out. That being said, if the thumb father did show up on the scan, I was going to have a much more difficult time explaining why I was hiding it. I tensed as I stepped under the scanner, bracing myself to either run or attempt a Wolfe move. But, as hoped, it was also small to find, and we were waved through. That was one restraint down, though it didnt make me any less tense.Did you end up trading this for the money he owed you? I asked once Ian and I were descending toward the archives.Yeah. He made a face. I tried to just swap it out for half of what he owed, but it was all or nothing for him.So how much is this teddy costing you?Fifty dollars. Its worth it, though, he added quickly.Dinner had cost virtually the same. This was turning into an expensive weekend for Ian, particularly since I was the only one rattling reaping the rewards. I couldnt do but feel a bit guilty and had to remind myself again and again that this w as for an important cause. I wouldve offered to pay him back for it all, but something told me that would counteract boththing Id been working to achieve with my womanly charms.The archives were sealed with electronic locks that opened when Ian scanned his card key. As we stepped inside, I nearly forgot that coming in present(predicate) was just a cover for the larger plan. Books and books and books surrounded me as well as scrolls and documents written on parchment. Old and delicate items were sealed under glass, with notes and signs against a far wall on how to access digital copies of them on computers. A couple of Alchemists, young like us, worked at tables and were transcribing old books into their laptops. One of them looked excited about her job the other guy looked bored. He seemed to welcome the distraction of us entering.I must have worn an appropriately awed expression because when I turned to Ian, he was watching me with pride. Pretty cool, huh? Apparently being a glo rified librarian had just become a much more enkindle job for him. Follow me.He didnt have to tell me twice. We began by exploring the full extent of the archives room, which stretched back much farther than I initially realized. The Alchemists prized k in a flashledge, and it was obvious from this collection, which dated back centuries. I lingered at the shelves, wanting to read every title. They came in different languages and cover a full range of topics useful to our share chemistry, history, mythology, the spiritual . . . it was dizzying.How do you organize it? I asked. How can you find anything?Ian pointed to small placards on the shelves that I hadnt noticed. They bore alphanumeric codes that were part of no filing administration I recognized. These catalog it all. And heres the directory.He led me to a touch concealment panel embedded in the wall. I pressed it and was presented with a menu of options AUTHOR, fourth dimension PERIOD, SUBJECT, LANGUAGE. I touched SUBJECT and was led through a series of more and more specific topics until I finally realized Id been searching for fantasy in the supernatural section. It gave me a list of titles, separately with its own code in the organizational system.To my surprise, there were actually a number of books on magic, and I burned with curiosity. Did the Alchemists have records of witches? Or was it all speculation? Most in all probability these were moral books preaching the wrongness of humans even considering such feats.Can I browse some of the books? I asked him. I mean, I know I cant sit and read all afternoon, but theres so much history . . . I just kind of want to be a part of it. Id be so, so grateful.I really didnt think that would work twice, but it did.Okay. He pointed toward a small office in the back. I need to becharm up on a few things. Do you want to meet back here in an hour?I thanked him profusely and then returned to the touch screen. I yearned to investigate the magic books but ha d to remind myself why I was here. As long as I was in the archives, I might as well do some research that would help our cause. I flipped through the menus until I turn up the section on the Alchemists early history. Id hoped to find a reference to vampire hunters in general or the Warriors specifically. No luck. The best I could do was conjoin the codes to shelves and shelves detailing our groups formation. Most of the books were dense and written in an antiquated style. The really old ones werent even in English.I skimmed a few and presently realized a task like this would take longer than an hour. The newer books had no mention of the Warriors, which didnt surprise me, seeing as that information was now covered up. If I was going to locate any references to vampire hunters, it would be in the oldest books. They didnt have much in the focal point of tables of contents or indices, and there was no way I could do a full read. Remembering my real mission here, I put the books aw ay after about ten proceeding and want out Ian. That earlier tension returned, and I began to sweat.Hey, is there a restroom in here?I prayed there wasnt. Id seen one down the hall when wed come to this level. Part of my plan depended on getting out of the archives.Down the hall, by the stairs, he said. Some work issue had required his attention, and if my luck held, it would keep his eyeball off the clock. Knock on the admittance when you get back. Ill tell the scribes to let you in.Id had a knot of anxiety in my stomach all day that Id been move to ignore. Now there was no getting around it. It was time for the unthinkable.Subtlety had no role in Alchemist security. The hallway contained cameras at each end. They faced each other, providing a long, continuous shot of the corridor. The restrooms were located at one end of the hall, almost directly under a camera. I went inside the ladies room and substantiate there were no other people or cameras within. At least the Alchem ists allowed some privacy. Casting the invisibility spell was easy. Getting out was a teentsy more difficult. The cameras position made me think the restroom door was too flush with the wall for either camera to really get a just look at it. The door opened inward, so I was able to slip out and feel confident no camera had picked up a ghostly door opening. The door to the stairs was the real beast. It was in the range of one of the cameras. Ms. Terwilliger had told me the invisibility spell would protect me from video and film. So, I had no vexation of being spotted. I simply had to take the risk of the camera recording the door opening by itself.Although I knew security guards watched live feeds of the cameras, there were too many for them to scrutinize every second. If no sudden movement appeared on this one, I doubted any guard would notice. And if things stayed tame on this level, no one would have any reason to review the footage. But the operations level . . . well, if ever ything went according to plan, this sleepy Sunday was about to get a lot more fire there.I slipped in and out of the stairwell, opening the door with absolutely as little space as possible. The operations level was even more secure than the archives, with heavy, industrial-looking doors that required both key cards and codes. I had no illusions about cracking any of it. Entry into the security office, much like the rest of this task, relied on an odd mix of logic and luck. The one thing you could count on with Alchemists was reliability. I knew how schedules tended to work. Lunch breaks were taken on the hour at typical tiffin times eleven, twelve, and one. This was why Id asked Ian to schedule our visit to this time, when I could be congenericly certain workers would be wretched in and out of the room. Noon was five minutes away, and I crossed my fingers someone would exit soon.As it turned out, someone entered. A man came whistling down the hall. When he reached the door, the smell of fast-food hamburgers gave away his lunch choice. I held my breath as he scanned his card and punched in the numbers. The lock clicked, and he pushed the door open. I scurried in behind him and cleared the door without having to catch it or open it farther. Unfortunately, he came to a halt sooner than I expected, and I brushed against him. I immediately shrank away, and he scanned around, startled.Please dont think theres an covert person here. How terrible would that be to have made it this far, only to be detected now? Fortunately, magical subterfuge wasnt the first thing Alchemists turned to as a reason for anything. After a few more puzzled moments, he shrugged and called a greeting to one of his coworkers. walk had described the room perfectly. Monitors covered one wall, flipping back and forth between different camera views. A couple of guards kept an eye on the footage, while others worked away at computers. Wade had also told me which workstation contained the sin gle files I needed. I approached it careful to avoid any other contact mishaps. A woman was already seated at the station.I was persuasion of Thai carryout, she told one of her coworkers. Ive just got to finish this report.No She was about to take her lunch break. For my plan to work, that couldnt happen. If she left, she would lock her computer. I needed it accessible for this plan to work. She was speed late on her lunch, which meant I had to act now.This room wasnt exempt from surveillance. Even the watchers had watchers. Fortunately, there was only one camera. I selected an empty computer with a screen facing the camera and stood behind it. Wires and cords snaked out of the computers panel, and the fans whirred steadily inside. I rested my hand on the panel and did one more quick assessment. The computers back was out of the cameras view, but it would do no good if it was in the middle of someone elses line of vision. Everyone seemed preoccupied, though. It was time to act.I c reated a fireball a small one. I kept it in the palm of my hand and rested it right side by side(p) to the panel. Despite its size, I summoned as much heat as I could. Not quite blue, but getting there. It took effect quickly, and within seconds, the cords and panel began to melt. The scent of burnt plastic rolled over me, and smoke drifted upward. It was enough. I let the fireball fade, and then I sprinted away from the computer just in time. Everyone had now noticed the burning computer. An alarm went off. There were cries of surprise, and someone call for a fire extinguisher. They all rose from their chairs to hurry over and look including the woman whod been at the computer I needed.There was no time to waste. I sat immediately in her chair and plugged in the thumb drive. With gloved hands, I grabbed hold of the mouse and began clicking through directories. Wade hadnt been able to help much at this point. Wed just hoped finding the files would be intuitive. All the while, I w as conscious of the time and that someone might notice a mouse moving by itself. Even after they put out the fire, the Alchemists hovered around the smoking computer, trying to figure out what had happened. Overheating wasnt uncommon, but a fire mishap that quickly definitely was. And these were computers that contained highly sensitive information.I felt like there were a million directories. I checked a few likely candidates, only to hit a dead end. Each time I hit a dead end, I would silently swear at the worn time. The other Alchemists werent going to stay away forever Finally, after more stressful searching, I found a directory of old surveillance footage. It contained folders linked to every camera in the building including one marked MAIN CHECKPOINT. I clicked it open and found files named by date. Wade had told me that eventually these files were cleared and moved to archives, but the day I needed was sedate here. The cameras recorded one frame every second. Multiplied by twenty-four hours, that made for a huge file but not nearly the size continuous filming would create. The file would fit on my thumb drive, and I began copying it over.The connection was fast, but it was serene a big transfer. The screen told me it had ten seconds to go. Ten seconds. The computers owner could be back by then. I allowed myself another peek at the Alchemists. They were all still puzzling out the mystery. The thing about scientists like us was that a technological failure like this was fascinating. Also, it never occurred to any of them to look for a supernatural explanation. They tossed around theories with each other and started to take the melted computer apart. My file finished copying, and I sprang out of the chair, just as the woman began walking back toward it. Id been fully prepared to risk another ghost door while they were distracted, but the fire alarm had summoned others in the hallway. People moved in and out with such frequency that I had no trouble holding the door open just long enough for me to sneak through.I practically ran back to the archives level and had to calm myself when I reentered the restroom. I uncast the invisibility spell and waited for my breathing to slow. The thumb drive was back in my bra, the gloves back in my purse. analyze myself in the mirror, I decided that I looked innocent enough to return to the archives.One of the scribes let me in. It was the engrossed girl, and she gave me a look that said opening the door was a waste of her time. Ian still appeared to be engulfed with work in the back, which was a relief. Id been gone far longer than a bathroom trip would require and had disordered hed wonder where I was at. Things couldve gone badly if hed sent the girl to find me, both because I wasnt in the restroom and because shed be really annoyed at the interruption. Over in the history section, I sat on the floor with a book picked at random, which I only pretended to read. I was too anxious and keyed up to parse the words, no matter how many times I tried to reassure myself. There was no reason for the Alchemists to distrust me of causing the fire. There was no reason for them to think Id stolen data. There was no reason for them to think I was connected to any of this.Ian found me when the hour was up, and I feigned disappointment at having to leave. In reality, I couldnt get out of this building fast enough. He drove me to the airport and chattered nonstop about the next time wed get to see each other. I smiled and nodded appropriately but reminded him our work had to come first and that my post was particularly consuming. He was obviously discomfited but couldnt deny the logic. The Alchemist greater good came first. Even better, he didnt try one of those awful kisses again though he did suggest we set up some times for video chatting. I told him to email me, secretly vowing Id never open up any message from him.I didnt relax until the plane took off, when the say-so for an Alchemist raid seemed pretty low. The most paranoid part of me worried there could be a party waiting for me at the Palm Springs airport, but for now I had a few hours of peace.Id just assumed Id deliver the drive to Marcus and leave it at that. But now, with it in my possession, my curiosity got the better of me. I had to get to the bottom of this mystery. Was the Z. J. whod visited the Alchemists really Master Jameson?With fresh coffee in hand, I opened the file on my laptop and began to watch.Even with one frame per second, the footage went on forever. Most of it was nothing but a quiet checkpoint, with the most exciting parts being when the guards changed position or took breaks. Plenty of Alchemists passed in and out, but relative to the overall time span, they were few and far between. Ian actually showed up once, off to start his shift.I wasnt even halfway through when the plane began its descent. Disheartened, I resigned myself to an flush of more of the same when I got back to the dorm. At least Id be able to make some decent coffee to get me through. I was almost tempted just to push the file off on Marcus tomorrow and let him deal with reviewing it . . . but that nagging voice urging me to find out for myself won. It wasnt just because of my curiosity either. I didnt really think Marcus would fabricate anything, but if I could see for sure that There he was on the screen.He wasnt in those iniquitous robes, but there was no mistaking Master Jamesons old-fashioned beard. He wore business casual clothing and seemed to be smiling at something a man beside him was saying. The man had a lily on his cheek but was no one I knew.Master Jameson. With the Alchemists.Marcus and his Merry Mens conspiracy had panned out. A suspicious part of me wanted to believe this was a setup, that maybe theyd altered and planted this. But, no. Id taken it myself, off an Alchemist server. It was possible Marcus had more insiders running errands for him, but this hadnt bee n easy for me, even with magical assistance. Besides, why would Marcus go to so much trouble to make me believe this? If it was some twisted way to get me to join him, there were a million other ways he could have attempted it, with evidence much easier to fake.Something in my gut told me this was real. I hadnt forgotten the similarities in our rituals or how the Warriors had wanted our groups to merge. Maybe the Alchemists and the Warriors werent best friends yet, but someone had at least humored Master Jameson with a meeting. The question was, what had happened at that meeting? Had the Alchemist in the footage sent Jameson packing? Were the two of them together right now?Regardless of the outcome, this was undeniable proof that the Alchemists and Warriors were still in contact. Stanton had told me we merely kept an eye on them and had no interest in hearing them out.Once again, I had been lied to.

Michael Obi Essay Essay

Michael obeah in Dead Mens Path is an excit commensurate young art object who gets a chance to get his hopes of progressing the Ndume Central School fulfilled when he is appointed headmaster.His obsession with modern ways and extreme eagerness to make changes negatively affect his decision making on how important the path is to the towns natives. His dismissal and refusal to acknowledge the tradition is the inevitable means to the annul of the story.Obi is so focused on his assignment of bringing the school into the modern world that he is blind to how important the traditional tribal ways and beliefs atomic number 18 to the townspeople he needs to work with in order for the school to be successful. He is very stubborn and refuses to keep an open mind nearly the path. His only focus is making the school as modern as possible and to stamp out anything old and traditional.He ignores the warnings from the fellow teachers and signs from the villagers about the path. When another(pren ominal) teacher warns him about how there was a big row the last time someone attempted to close the path, he brushes it despatch and decides to block it off anyways.Even when the village priest calls on Obi to tell him how much the village depended on the path and how important it is to their tradition, he would still not hear and respect what the priest has to say. After a young woman dies during childbirth Obi finally has to face the consequences of his stubbornness to compromise with the villagers.Obi shows an inability to compromise with the villagers because of his complete belief in modern ways and his negative attitude towards the primitive (as he sees them) beliefs of the villagers. Obi will not allow the villagers to make a highway out of the school.He feels that his goalwith the school is to teach students through modern ways to laugh at the idea of tradition. He doesnt ring that students can be taught in these modern ways and still respect their ancestors tradition. T his ultimately leads to the schools downfall.ConclusionIn the end, Michael Obi is not able to accomplish his goal of creating a modern school from an unprogressive one. He is so focused on his goal that he will not heed to the villagers or respect their cultural tradition. He ignores the warnings teachers and villagers give him about the importance of the footpath and shows a complete inability to compromise with them because of his attitude towards their beliefs. This in the end leads to the destruction of the school and Michael Obis dream with it.

Demographics and Culture of Brazil Essay

Brazil is currently enjoying the number 5 spot as far as big universe of discourses in the world be concerned with 190,010,647 muckle recorded as of overbearing 16, 2007 (C.I.A., 2007, par. 7). Documents show that the population has grown steadily in the years with only 85,240,000 Brazilians in 1967 to 141,452,000 in 1987 (Lahmeyer, 2003, p. 1).This all the way illustrates that in just forty years, the population of Brazil has already doubled its number of natives. With a land area of 8,456,510 square kilometers, Brazil has around 58.2 people per square mile. It was estimated by the Population Reference Bureau that 81% of the population lived in urban areas in 2001, up from 66% in 1980 (Brazil Population, 2007, par. 2). The following are more details on the current population of BrazilPopulation growth rate 1.008% (2007 est.)Birth rate 16.3 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)Death rate 6.19 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)Sex ratio at birth 1 .05 male(s)/femaleunder 15 y ears 1.04 male(s)/female15-64 years 0.983 male(s)/female65 years and e realplace 0.697 male(s)/femaletotal population 0.976 male(s)/female (2007 est.)Age structure 0-14 years 25.3% (male 24,554,254/female 23,613,027)15-64 years 68.4% (male 64,437,140/female 65,523,447)65 years and over 6.3% (male 4,880,562/female 7,002,217) (2007 est.) median value age total 28.6 yearsmale 27.9 yearsfemale 29.4 years (2007 est.)*Source C.I.A. The World Fact Book 2007Brazils culture is very much influenced by their Portuguese invaders who have ruled the lands for three centuries. It was only in 1822 when Brazil finally became a nation. Although Brazil is a democratic country, education, health, preventive (physical and juridical) are deficient in Brazil (Brazil Travel, n.d., par. 1).Brazil is the leading economic power and regional leader in South America yet left over(p) distribution of income is a pressing problem (C.I.A.). Its economic strength is dependent on its mining, agricultural and manufacturing industries.One of Brazils cultural attractions is the Carnaval or bollocks de Gras which is annually celebrated at Rio de Janeiro. The origins of this celebration dates back to the ancient Greek festival in honor of Dionysus which the Romans soon adopted for the Roman God Bacchus as the feast of Saturnalia (World Music Productions, 2007, par. 1). Back then they celebrated it by making slaves and their masters exchange clothes while drinking wine for the altogether day.Saturnalia was converted by Roman Catholics into a festival leading up to Ash Wednesday or before the 40 days of sacrifices prior to Easter. It became know as Carne Vale which literally means farewell to the flesh and is a fiesta filled with every known sin the Brazilians could think of. Carnaval, as spelled in Portuguese, is a 4-day celebration. It starts on Saturday, and ends on Fat Tuesday, or Mardi-Gras. (All About Rio, 2007, par. 1).One of the major issues that had put a spotlight on Brazil in the youthful years is regarding its environment. The very rich Amazon forest is the habitat of many endangered species and it plays a major role in the weather cycle of the world. If it continues to be cut down, global warming will greatly be affected because the Amazon Forest is one of the worlds best source of rain. other(a) problems include illegal wildlife trade, air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and other cities, improper mining activities, wetland degradation and severe oil spills (C.I.A., par. 7).ReferencesAll About Rio. (2007). Ipanema.com. Retrieved August 31, 2007 from http//www.ipanema.com/carnival/Brazil Population. (2007). Brazil Population. Retrieved August 31, 2007 from http//www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Brazil.htmlC.I.A. (2007). The World Fact Book. Retrieved August 31, 2007 from https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.htmlIntroLahmeyer, J. (2003). Brazil. Retrieved August 31, 2007 from http//www.populstat.info /Americas/brazilc.htmWorld Music Productions. (2007). History of Carnival in Brazil. Retrieved August 31, 2007 from http//www.afropop.org/multi/feature/ID/33/

Importance in shaping law of future

In his first Supreme address visual aspect, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. famously dissented that Great instances, like difficult instances, make bad law . He was of the sentiment that great instances ar called great, non by ground if their existent importance in determining the ordinance of the hereafter, only when because of some accident of immediate beat involvement which entreaties to the feelings and distorts the judgement. 1 On this note, neither forefront Gend en Loos 2 nor Francovich 3 would run into the standards. Van Gend was rich in rule but lacked whatsoever overtly absorbing facts. Francovich featured a landmark determination by the Court in relation to directings that cultivated mass consciousness deep down the corporation of the statute law with which member provinces are governed. But to any grade, it must(prenominal) be acknowledged that these are extremely of import instances. Both provide the association with a foundational foundation for the statut e law they helped concept. Both focused on the primary liability of atom postulate for a failure to carry by a Community duty. They tackle the greatest struggles within any statute law, the beginning of ultimate authorization, whether the involvements of both the EC and Member commonwealths go off be concordant and whether the system in topographic point provide rise out effectual.Direct ConsequenceThe trust which persons place on its regulating jurisprudence system determines its effectivity. Whether the bulk of Citizens within the federation acknowledge or rely on the commissariats allotted to them is questionable and to that payoff, EC jurisprudence is frequently undermined. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the Courts instance jurisprudence in relation to EC commissariats and how instruments of follow uping these commissariats contrast. With this in head, I plan to measure the direct matter of these community steps paying peculiar attending to related instance j urisprudence and the opinions attached. The ever-present defeat that clouds the EC statute law is possibly most normally associated with direct effect and its ever-growing ambiguity.Understanding direct yield is indispensable in groking philosophies of court-ordered protection and effet utile. The philosophy of direct consequence provides for persons a agency to raise upon depicted object tribunals, commissariats out demarcation lined in the Treaties, commissariats including ordinances, determinations and directives that must turn out sufficiently clear and unconditional. 4 The philosophy allows persons to avail of rights provided by the pacts and their commissariats and the matter tribunals must esteem these rights ( Vertical direct consequence ) . Situations besides rotate whereby rights are invoked against other persons and private parties ( horizontal direct consequence ) . The Doctrine derives from the struggle that exists between the involvements of EU Courts and membe r provinces and how to set up a qi. The sum of the philosophy is that persons whitethorn trust upon the commissariats of directives even where the member province has failed to do agreements to implement them falsely. Provided that the commissariats in inquiry are clear, precise and unconditi unrivalledd, direct consequence can be relied on. The Court has refrained from enlarging the philosophy of direct consequence with respects to allowing private parties rely on commissariats and raise them upon persons. The Court, on the other manus has made attempts to slack off this aperture by enforcing upon bailiwick tribunals to infer national statute law, as far as possible in the visible radiation of the diction and the intent of the directive so as to accomplish the consequence it has in view. 5 First, I will supply a brief analysis of these EC commissariats. The most great instrument through which the EC may infringe national statute laws is the Regulations found in EC and Euratom Treaties. A ordinance shall hold general application. It shall be adhering in its total and straight applicable in all Member States 6 . They house both valuable and alone features. They feature a community character which modifys them to straight use jurisprudence in full to all member provinces. The Member State here must fulfill ordinances and their commissariats in their entireness and the demands must be fulfilled in the method and timeframe outlined in the commissariats. Nor can the member province under any status introduce statute law that conflicts or encroaches in any manner the ordinances provided. Besides alone is their direct pertinence which allows the Acts of the Apostless to be regarded and relied upon in the same mode as national jurisprudence without heterotaxy into national jurisprudence. All members of the community are bound by Community statute law and as such, must esteem and hobble these Torahs as they would their national statute law. Another component of Community jurisprudence which must be respected is that of EC or Euratom Decisions. A determination shall be adhering in its entireness upon those to whom it is addressed. 7 Decisions are single orders to Member States which are adhering in their entireness. The EC can therefore ask an single or kingdom to perpetrate or exclude a title, or can confer civil rights or raise them against Member States. A determination may be contrasted to a ordinance as it is of single application. A determination inside informations explicitly the names of the individuals who become entirely bound by that determination. It is different to the directive in that it is straight applicable as ordinances are and is adhering in its entireness. Examples of cases where determinations were utilized include the assignmenting or refusal of province assistance ( Articles 87 and 88 EC ) , the cancellation of trading operations including agreements or understandings opposing just competition ( Article 81 E C ) and the infliction of mulcts. 8 Direct Effect of directionals.Alongside EC ordinances, the European directive must be regarded as the most important bureaucratic mechanism utilised by the European Community. Directives exist in order to unify the struggle in European Law that occurs when set uping the uniformity of Community Law while procuring the cultural and structural nature of single Member States. The intent of directives as we will deal is dissimilar to that of ordinances in that its purpose is to harmonize Community and National involvements as opposed to enforcing Community involvements. The aim is to accommodate the double aims of both the EC and Member States through bridging their involvements and extinguishing the disagreements that exist between National Law and ordinances. As respects the direct consequence of directives, Article 249 described directives as binding, as to the consequence being achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed, but shall go forth to the national governments the pick of signifier and methods.The Directive is acknowledged as being one of the primary instruments utilised to make the individual EU market. They are directed either separately to one Member State or to multiple provinces and ask the accomplishment of certain community related ends and marks. They are non straight applicable as ordinances are in that Direct Effect relates to rights theorize by commissariats that are dependable in Member State Courts whereas Direct Applicability is associated with an full legislative act I.e. it becomes portion of National Law. When in operation, directives provide members of the Community with a system for the execution of the intended go. They do non order the agencies of accomplishing that consequence. It has occurred where the statute law provided within a member province already provides for the demands of the directive and they are in bend merely required to maintain this statute law integral. More often nevertheless Member States have to change their statute law to implement the directive right and to the EC s blessing ( referred to as heterotaxy ) . The failure of a province to follow with the demands of the directive or if it fails to change its national statute law as required the Commission can incite legal action against the member province in the ECJ.There are two types of direct consequence as we mentioned perpendicular direct consequence and horizontal direct consequence. Where commissariats sing persons rights set out by the EC have non been employ yet the State or constituencies of the State fail to follow these rights the person may raise vertical direct consequence . Vertical direct consequence is associated with the legal relationship that exists between EC jurisprudence and National Law and the demand of the MS to vouch National statute law is in line with EC Law ( see Foster v British Gas Case C-18/89. Horizontal direct consequence , in contrast, enables citizens to trust on EC commissariats in actions against other persons. An illustration of horizontal direct consequence occurs in the instance of Defrenne v Sabena where it was established that The prohibition on favoritism between plough forces and adult females applies non merely to the action of public governments, but besides extends to all understandings which are intended to modulate paid labour jointly, every bit vertical as to contracts between individuals. Directives do non hold horizontal direct consequence in that their enforceability applies merely against the province. The tribunal has refrained from spread outing the direct consequence of directives to enable persons to claim against other private persons. So, although directives have no horizontal direct consequence they do enable perpendicular direct consequence significance persons may raise action against public organic structures.The definition of public organic structures was established in Foster v British G as a Directive might be relied on against administration or organic structures which were capable to the authorization or control of the State or had particular powers beyond those which result from the normal dealingss between individuals. a Directive might be relied on against administration or organic structures which were capable to the authorization or control of the State or had particular powers beyond those which result from the normal dealingss between individuals.It is possible for a Directive to be invoked against a organic structure whatever its legal signifier, which has been made responsible pursuant to a step adopted by the State for preparation a public service under the control of the State and has for that purpose particular powers beyond those which result from the normal regulations applicable in dealingss between individuals. Hence, British Gas, a house which was privatised could be held to be an emanation of the province.Important CasesThe pilot film construct of direct consequence was constructed by the ECJ in the instance of Van Gend en Loos 1963 . The importance of direct effect was highlighted by the European Court of justness here. They argued that its function was protective to the citizens of Europe in that they were ensured that Treaty duties could be enforced against Member States therefore rendering Community jurisprudence effectual in their national legal systems. The logic presented by the ECJ ensured a important importance for this new legal order. Van Gend nut Loos besides proved of import in that it formulated the standard for admiting when a peculiar proviso can hold direct consequence.For over 5 old ages important arbitration sing the old European Coal and Steele Treaty was scarce and really small definition had been withdrawn from the Treaty. Defining, disputing or watershed instances refering the harmonisation of national Torahs with international statute law were obsolete sing there were over 70 opinions from 1954 to 1961. In Geus v. Bosch and new wave Rijn nevertheless, the first major inquiry was cast sing how the 1958 EEC Treaty was to be interpreted under Article 177 EEC ( now 234 EC ) .It was foremost recognised by Advocate General Lagrange that greater significance should be displace on a modus operandi which was designed to play a cardinal portion in the application of the Treaty The progressive integrating of the Treaty into the legal, societal and sparing life of the Member States must affect more and more often the application. and. . . , reading of the Treaty in municipal judicial proceeding. . . , and non merely the commissariats of the Treaty itself but besides those of the Regulations adopted for its execution and so of legality. Applied judiciously 1 is tempted to state loyally the commissariats of Article 177 must take to a existent and round-fruited coaction between the municipal tribunals and the Court of Justice and the Court of justness of the Communities with common respect for their several jurisdictions.It was held by De Geus that the ordinances withdrawn from pact commissariats become straightway applicable statute law. Boding Van Gend en Loos, Lagrange farther elaborated Since the Treaty, by virtuousness of its confirmation, is incorporated into the national jurisprudence, it is the map of national tribunals to use its commissariats, that when powers are expressly conferred on Community organs.Following on from this was the unequivocal Van Gend instance where the Court established the great rule of direct consequence, supplying that the Treaty of Rome concepts rights for citizens of a Member State which must be protected.An of import instance which helped sketch the cardinal demands of direct consequence was Van Dyun v Home Office ( ( Case 41/74 ) 1974 ECR 1337 ) . Here entry for a Dutch adult female coming to work in the UK was denied. Van Dyun relied on Article 39 which ensures the right to liberate motion topic to limitations sing w ellness and policy. Directing 64/221 provided that anything outside of Article 39 must be based entirely on behavior. Article 39, it was held, was non straight effectual in that farther legal Acts of the Apostless were relied upon by Member States. The directing invoked a super duty that freedoms may be based entirely on behavior, and this proved straight consequence every bit long as three important conditions were fulfilled. The directing must be ( I ) clear, precise and unconditioned, ( two ) non dependant on farther legislation/action by the member province or the Community, ( three ) the day of the month of execution must hold passed.The determination made in Francovich was based on the effective judicial protection and effet utilizable philosophies. I T has been systematically held, the Court stated, that the national Courts whose undertaking it is to use the commissariats of Community Law in countries within their legal power must guarantee that those regulations take full consequence and must protect the rights which they confer on individuals. The full effectivity of Community Law would be impaired and the protection of the rights which they grant would be weakened, the Court concluded, if persons were unable to obtain damages when their rights are infringed by a breach of community jurisprudence for which a Member State can be held responsible.See Constitutionalism and Pluralism in Marbury and Van Gend, Daniel Halberstam, hypertext transfer protocol //www.judicialstudies.unr.edu/JS_Summer09/JSP_Week_1/Halberstam, % 20Constitutionalism % 20v.Gend % 2008.pdf.Van Gend & A Loos, Case 26_62 ( 5 February 1963 )Joined Cases, C-6/90 and C-9/90, 1991 ECR I-5357Van Gerven, supra note 2 at 680. 1990 ECR 1-4135, Court of Justice of the European Communities.Article 249 ECArticle 249 ECFrom hypertext transfer protocol //sixthformlaw.info/01_modules/mod2/2_3_2_eu_sources/07_sources_of_ec_law.htm

Matching Dell Case Analysis Essay

The PC industry can be analyzed using Porters Five Forces. The prototypal force is threat or barriers of entry. Here, the threat is high and barriers are low. Although certain brands induce the majority of the securities industry, the costs to manufacture are extremely low, and the prices of these components are declining annual at 25% to 30%. The capital required is relatively inexpensive, as well. Also, unbranded white box PC makers have become prevalent foreign showing anyone who can make a PC could make sales. In Buying Power, consumers have great power. There are a high proceeds of users but consumers have a wide variety of brands to choose from and have put much pressure on companies to make satisfactory products at safe(p) prices. Customers also have low switching costs. This force along with high demand was also partly responsible for the vigorous price war as many companies cut prices to match one another(prenominal) and satisfy consumers.Supplier power was also high. Intel and Microsoft ran near-monopolies in supplying microprocessors and operating systems, respectively. By 1998, 96% of completely PCs ran on Wintel. These two suppliers drew profits from all PC companies and minimized differentiation, as there were few substitutes and little options of switching to another supplier. The industrys degree of rivalry reflected its fierce competition. As computers became more common, demand rose, prices decreased, and demand grew stronger, boosting competition between manufacturers. This rivalry is essentially what sparked dingles competitors to try to simulate their business set and attempt to gain a rivalrous advantage for the future. Lastly, the threat of substitutes was low but growing. Consumers were becoming reliant on PCs as they became commodities but new technologies such as laptops, PDAs, and smartphones among others were slowly emerging. Business exampleAlthough Dell sold to a divers(prenominal) range of customer segments, they gen erally targeted the educated consumer, people knowledgeable about computers. Dell targeted them and wanted to avoid the inexperienced Transaction buyer. Because Dell sold customized PCs civilizely to the customer, they needed to know each computers specifications, thus making it difficult for inexperienced users to specify their needs. Dells stringent place to its suppliers sufficed as a large advantage. Dell arranged for suppliers tolocate their production facilities close to Dells to maximize the efficiency of operations. This allowed Dell and suppliers to cause closely with one another, integrating the organization and minimizing buffers. Dells unique production process is the part of the model that may deter most imitators. Dell had the advantage of handling fast and large orders and even having suppliers send shipments straight to customers in some cases. PerformanceDells success with the Direct Model led to rankings among the top of its competition in user ratings (Exhibi t A), a ranking first in ratings for high-end PCs, and allowed them to obtain the second and third spots for market share in the US and world, respectively. The financial statements that best measure Dells advantage are their inventory level ratios. Specifically, Dells age of inventory is significantly lower than competitors. Their low days of inventory ratio correlates to a very high return on invested capital and return on equity. Comparisons with competitors can be seen in the appendix (Exhibit B). Principal IssueDells success in financial returns and rapid growth has caused rivals to try to emulate their Direct Model in attempt to gain a competitive advantage and similar success. What is difficult to emulate in Dells model and how can they keep itself in this position and leverage sustained growth for the future using this model? AlternativesDell is the originator of the direct model and knows the form for success. Dells integrated production process with suppliers on a global scale, sole focus on distributing directly to customers, ability to effectively work a diverse customer base, and ability to provide high quality PCs at relatively low prices, has put them in a strong position ahead of competitors. Dell knows their capabilities, their customers, and knows exactly to focus on direct diffusion. IBM ranks alongside Dell in domestic and worldwide market share. As the first to recognize Dells threat of distribution, they took initiative immediately, responding with a joint operation with distributors and resellers called AAP. Many major distributors and resellers each invested tens of millions of dollars intothis program, which could result in the right way partnerships if successful. Compaq owned the largest market share in the industry for some time and are reliable to a number of segments.They also responded with their own model, ODM, which is also in conjunction with distributors and resellers similar to IBMs, and DirectPlus, selling directly to small and midsize companies. The company also recently acquired DEC, in which they would leverage their relationships to sell directly to DEC customers and accounts. HP created their own direct model with ESPP. Although their model was similar to IBM and Compaqs involving distributors and resellers, they specifically aimed to please these partners. HP offered incentives and would make resellers and distributors a larger part of the process. In result, 59% of resellers inform they were more willing to promote HP products than IBM and Compaq. Gateway may have been Dells largest threat as the worlds second largest direct seller arse Dell. They even briefly surpassed Dell in sales in 1994 and their days of inventory was at 10 days, only 3 behind Dells 7 in 1998. Gateway served mostly personal users but began serving large corporate accounts with Gateway Major Accounts, Inc. in 1997. yet in 1998, the company scaled this operation back as they could not afford to keep it up. CriteriaDe lls Direct Model had a competitive advantage rivals could not easily emulate through their relationship with large enterprise customers and their unique production process that involves a close relationship and location with suppliers. RecommendationDell is in a strong competitive position against its rivals because of the criteria of advantages in their model. Dells production process and close location and collaboration with suppliers on a global scale is a standard that is very difficult to emulate. IBM, Compaq, and HP tried their own versions of direct distribution models but failed to set off anywhere near the same efficiency with financial returns as Dell (Exhibit B). Also, these companies attempted to branch into Dells lane while continuing sell sales, which showed it is difficult to focus on both methods and see the same success. Gateway was arguably their biggest threat but could not compete due to their inability to serve large enterprise customers similarto Dell. Plan o f ActionDell should continue to focus on relatively low cost, quality customized products through direct distribution. As technology and computers evolve with more computer alternatives, they should adapt to producing a more diverse product line but continue the same production and distribution process that has brought the firm so much success thus far.

Critics Andrea Stuart and Mary O’ Connor Essay

Many would argue that men hold the function in The Colour discolour. Explore the opinions of critics Andrea Stuart and Mary O Connor and explain your own view of what Alice stroller has to conjecture about the power in The Colour Purple. In the novel The Colour Purple power is represented differently throughout. One way in which this power is shown is through men in the novel. At the beginning men dominate and are depicted as a higher place figure to women, it seems the men rule the womens lives.However we can also argue that women are as strong whilst early(a)s evolve into more powerful figures. Power through babyhood is demonstrated through the occurrence that Shug gives Celie companionship, something Celie whitethorn not have felt since she was separated from her sister Nettie. Through Celie and Shugs relationship Celie has gained force in herself and has been shown to stick up for herself. We see this when Shug announces she is taking Celie and Mary Agnes with her as Ce lie stands up to Albert. This shows us Celie is development to become independent.This represents one aspect of distaff power in the novel and it also shows that by having friends to brave out them these women are able to leave their startdown dogs behind and with the belief in themselves they can build their own future. female person solidarity is shown w here we see Celies protection for her mother and sister Nettie. Although she has no real proof on whether Nettie is animate and well, she never stops believing she will one day be reunited with her sister. From this we can see that if men had the will power and strength the women do in the novel, they would be able to make their hard and slimy life easier and more bearable.Celie after everything she has been through and all the misery she has been put through by unlike characters mainly males, she still has hope and can see a brighter future for herself and to be reunited with her sister and become a family. The love shared between Shug and Celie was getting closer and more passionate. Shugs feelings for Celie to us seemed true even though she had male sexual partners Celie still seemed more important to Shug than any other of her male partners.Andrea Stuart expresses that Celie doesnt mind that her lover Shug comes home with a husband. She only cares that Shug is back with her, the existence of a husband is irrelevant to what is important, the relationship between the two women. Albert did not have a clue to what was divergence on between the two of them. He could understand they had become good friends in the time they had pass together and thereof wanted to sleep in the same bed but not at a time did he suspect them to have a sexual relationship.He put too much religion into Celie and Shug letting them be together alone for such a long time that Shug turned Celie into a more confident character, someone that has her own voice and can speak up for herself. Celie shows her strength again in the novel when she sacrifices herself to a traumatizing experience in order to protect and prevent her sister cosmos raped. Alphonso abused Celie and she didnt want the same to happen to Nettie, I ast him to take me instead of Nettie. Thinking Alphonso may not want her instead of Nettie she trys to seduce him, I tell him I can fix myself up for him.I duck into my room and come out wearing horsehair, feathers, and a pair of our new mama high heel shoes. He beat me for dressing trampy but he do it to me anyway. Celie here shows her willingness to protect her little sister from the pain and suffering she had previously encountered, in order to save Nettie existence sexually abused she puts herself through it again. Walker highlights the lack of power experienced by many wretched black females living in the southern states through the character of Celie.She comes from a black background which therefore disadvantages her because in the time the novel was set world a black female was qu ite low down, they were still being treated like slaves due to her being black but also female as in those times the male role dominated. Celie was therefore used to accepting some racism from the whites. This is shown when she goes into town and bumps into her baby and her step mother in a store where the clerk was rude and showed no good manners to them. He speaks in an imperative tone, girl you want that cloth or not?We got other customers sides you. Celie also wrote about black on black racial insults. One example is when Alberts sisters came round to visit and they described Alberts first wife as too black. luminousness skin was seen as more beautiful then darker skin. Squeak after being raped by her uncle Bubber Hodges, asked Harpo do you really love me, or just my colour Squeak thought it was because of her light aslant skin due to the fact she is mixed race that Harpo was attracted to her and not because he truly loved her. here power was shown through skin colour and Wal ker highlights how deeply racism is embedded for example when the critics say she is writing against black people showing their racism. Andrea Stuart and Mary OConner both think Celie is only a victim of men in the physical world. Stuart states that men are relegated to the periphery of female consciousness Celie being a black women she was not only a slave to slavery but she was also a slave to the male authority, when slavery was abolished Celie saw the opportunity to free herself from the traditions that men come first.

Department of Veteran’s Affairs’ Health Care Delivery System

In the past few decades, the part of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) as a wellness misgiving delivery establishment has raised sensation among health rush administrators, veterans, and policy makers alike. The core mission of the VA delivery system is to provide primary care, specialised care, and related medical and social support work to veterans (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). Some of the most common medical benefits awarded downstairs the VA are to veterans who have become disabled by illness or injury in the eviscerate of duty during military service.As a result, the VA health care delivery system serves as a safety net because many of the veterans served are psychologically and economically disadvantaged and have a spirited affection burden (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). In addition, veterans who use the VA health care system have a higher(prenominal) level of illness than the average population, and 60 percent have no private or Medigap insurance. The VA health care deli very system provides many service for veterans, and overly contributes greatly in managing health care resources.Research indicates that the availability of federal, state and local government funds to subsidize the care of persons left without services varies by state and community and may not match community need (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). In this way, the VA health care delivery system contributes in managing health care resources because it takes on the strains of existing alternatives. Within this patchwork, the VA health delivery system stands out as a significant, coordinated, nationwide safety net for veterans (Wilson & Kizer, 1997).The VA also cares for dainty vulnerable populations for whom care is expensive but generally unprofitable in the private sector (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). In addition to veterans with service connected injuries, illness and exposures and former prisoners of war, the VA is legislated to treat veterans with special disabilities of spinal cord dysfuncti on, blindness, amputation, traumatic brain injury, substance abuse and homelessness resulting from mental illness (Wilson & Kizer, 1997).The VA headquarters manages its networks by setting goals and defining strategies to maximize health care value throughout the nation. Value is defined as balanced performance of atomic number 23 factors cost, access, technical part, patient functional ability, and patient satisfaction (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). The VA headquarters also focuses on dis stretching a standardized management and monitoring system that supports risk adjusted comparative analysis among networks (Wilson & Kizer, 1997).These efforts are intentional to assure that high quality care is consistently delivered. The VA health care delivery system also plays an important role in transitioning patients from one level to some other level of care in the health care continuum. This transitional role can be illustrated through the VAs treatment of serious health problems such as p aralysis agitans Disease, which currently affects about 1. 5 million Americans who are diagnosed with the disease (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001).Parkinsons disease is a progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, with physical symptoms of tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia (Mitchell et. al. , 1996). It can commonly be diagnosed based on the medical history and physical findings. To better address the needs of veterans with Parkinsons disease, in February 2001 the VA announced the creation of six centers specializing in Parkinsons disease (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001). The VA Parkinsons centers also develop training programs for patients, families, students and health care professionals.Additionally, each site conducts a clinical demonstration program for evaluating bran-new models of care delivery for veterans with Parkinsons disease and movement disorders (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001). Further more, the VA hospitals are devoted to new research on Parkinsons disease in the development of surgical treatment for late-stage patients for whom medical therapy is no longer hard-hitting and development of new medications, which are more effective and have fewer side effects (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001).In this way the VA health care delivery system assisting in the transition of patients from one level to another level of care. Finally, the available research indicates that the VA health delivery system contributes well overall in providing services and managing health care resources. This health care system appears to spread itself over the areas where other health care services are lacking, thus enhancing the quality of care and services provided.As long as grocery store forces dominate the health care industry and state and local funding vary, the stabilizing influence of a national safety net such as the VA health care delivery system becomes more crucial. As improvements in health care become more neces sary and evident, the VA system will continue to improve the standards of health care for all veterans. Future analysis of the VA health care delivery system in comparison to other health care delivery systems will assist in evaluating the quality of care offered by the VA.

Consider the marriages that take place during Pride and Prejudice Essay

Which is the close made?Pride and Prejudice is a impertinent that deals in the beginning with the theme of trades magnetic north. Through the course of the plot, four weddings take place between Lydia and Mr Wickam Charlotte and Mr collins Jane and Mr Bingley and Elizabeth and Mr Darcy. Some of these marriages be foreseen as more ultimately positive than differents. Jane Austens fiat was one that state marriage as the status all women should strive to achieve and the open statement, It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a equitable fortune, must be in want of a wife. is therefore fitting (even if quite ironic).It also introduces the idea that aspects such as tender class, property and money were extremely important in marriage, generally more so than chip in a go at it. During the 18th Century, connections infallible to be maintainable for one to have a chance of embraceing thoroughly. This causes quite a predicament for the c inque Bennet girls who have an extremely vulgar, embarrassing m new(prenominal) and uncles residing in Cheapside, as well as no money to attract suitors. Because of this, they all have to rely solely on their charms and beauty for a skillful marriage.The first marriage seen in the novel is that between Mr collins and missy Charlotte Lucas and is probably the almost veritable(prenominal) marriage of the time. As Jane Austen states in the novel, It was the only honourable provision for well educated young women of itty-bitty fortune, and however uncertain of giving mirth, must be their pleasantest preservative from want. The marriage is non based on any physical attraction or true love between either party still different requirements from some(prenominal) sides. At twenty-seven and with little beauty or money to recommend her, Charlotte sees marriage as her best chance of securing a reasonable standard of living, good marital status and attaining fiscal security.Miss Lucas a ccepted him solely from the pure desire of an establishment (page 103). As we had already learnt from Mr Collinss proposal to Elizabeth, he only has three reasons for matrimony he would like to set a good example as a clergyman to his parish, he is confident it would add to his happiness and Lady Catherine aw be him that he should marry (twice). It is obvious Mr Collins does not care about beauty or love, since we are told Charlotte has little beauty and only three days before his proposal to Charlotte was his request of the hit of Elizabeth. The marriage is convenient to Charlotte and Mr Collins and the requirements of both are satisfied. It is therefore more of a business battle array than anything else.Elizabeths earlier refusal of Mr Collins proposal illustrates that she will not marry in the same focus as Charlotte simply for financial security. Mr Collinss reaction shows he believed that because of his money and connections he wouldnt be turned d avouch even though he is i rk any(prenominal) this proves to him, like many other people status was more important than love.The reader finds out how Charlotte deals with the marriage through Elizabeths scold to her friend. Charlotte attempts to ignore her husbands silliness, in general Charlotte wisely did not hear and she also encourages him to do the gardening in order to keep him out of the agency this shows how she learns to cope with her husband. We additionally learn that she is tolerably happy in the marriage, when Mr. Collins was forgotten there was really a great air of relaxation throughout (page 131). At this point Charlotte could be compared to Mr Bennet. By reading alone in his library, Mr Bennet keeps unconnected from his barely endurable partner and obtains some peace just as Charlotte does by supporting Mr Collinss gardening pastime.I feel that in many ways this marriage was successful because the straddle fulfil to each one others requirements. Also they gutter be accepted in beau monde, they are financially stable and, (especially in Mr Collinss opinion,) they have good connections. The lack of love does not seem too important in this case because even before the union, Charlotte, not being peculiarly romantic, was not expecting this emotion to be part of the marriage equation.The next marriage to take place was that of Miss Lydia Bennet and Mr Wickam after their elopement. This is important in demonstrating how vital marriage was in those days. It is visible simply from everyones reactions to the elopement how awful it was to go off and be alone with a man if you are not hook up with to him. Whatever actually goes on, the worst is assumed and it was this problem that distressed Elizabeth and her family because as well as razing Lydias reputation, it would ruin theirs too within society.This is especially perturbing to Elizabeth and the reader alike because in demarcation line to the rest of the Bennet family, they know Mr Wickams true character. He inten ded to elope with Miss Georgiana Darcy, because she has a fortune of thirty cat valium pounds and he lied to Elizabeth and many others over the real nature of Mr Darcy. and so his affections for Elizabeth change to those for Miss King, when he learns she has just inherited a enlarged fortune of ten thousand pounds. Elizabeth states correctly about Wickam after sense of hearing news of the elopement, he has neither integrity or honour. He is as false and deceitful as he is insinuating (page 230).The problem with Lydia is that she is foolish and reckless and sees nothing revile in her elopement with Wickam. She acts in a way that will ruin her sisters chances of marrying well, in addition to causing society to shun her if no marriage takes place. Although the marriage has no foundation because Lydia and Wickam are not conform to to each other, it is the best option in the situation. The alternative would result in the whole Bennet family losing any respect and status within soci ety.Once they are married, the relationship between Lydia and Mr Wickam closely parallels that of Mr and Mrs Bennet it was based on excitement and lust, not love, and what was there soon fizzled out. His Wickams affection for her soon sunk into indifference hers get goinged a little longer and in spite of her youth and her manners, she retained all the claims to reputation which her marriage had wedded her (page 311). The main difference is that Wickam has no intention of marrying Lydia but has to leave Brighton because of his many debts and he takes advantage of Lydias willingness to join him. The marriage is only due to Mr Darcy (whose incentive is saving the Bennets the embarrassment) as he bribes Wickam into it with a large sum.The way the Wickams deal with their financial situation can also be compared to the Bennets both couples were heedless of the upcoming. We learn Lydia and Wickam were incessantly in debt and oftentimes moved from place to place, constantly squanderin g their money and primarily being sustained by the help of others. Whenever they the Wickams changed their quarters, either Jane on herself Elizabeth was sure of being applied to, for some little assistance towards discharging their bills. This marriage is in no doubt the least(prenominal) successful because as well as owning a bad reputation, the couple have neither love nor money at least with Mr and Mrs Collins each fulfil the others need for security and their financial situation is nether control.The third marriage is probably the first genuinely positive one, giving a sense of happiness to the reader. After convergeing both Miss Jane Bennet and Mr Bingley, it is instantly obvious that they are well suited to each other because they are both good, kind, optimistic people and as soon as they meet at the Meryton Assembly, he shows a lively interest in Jane, dancing with her twice. Throughout the novel it becomes plain there is a base of true love (not lust) and affection betw een them. Jane is the perfect example of what a young charwoman was expected to be during the 18th Century polite, rational, conservative, affable and beautiful (in fact the most beautiful of the five Bennet sisters) and all this would have attracted Mr Bingley to her.What is special about this relationship is the simplicity of it. Although others see faults in it such as Mr Darcy, due to a misunderstood belief that Jane is indifferent to him, and Mr Bingleys sisters disparage view of Janes low connections, the strong affection between the couple is constant. When adversity faces the relationship and Jane and Mr Bingley are kept apart for many months, neither of them rush into another marriage and the other is never forgotten. Elizabeth notes how Jane seemed some different and obviously missed Bingley during this time, whilst later on he remembers exactly when he last dictum her, It is above eight months. We have not met since the 26th of November when we were all dancing togeth er at Netherfield (page 214). This apparel true love and affection between the couple.Mr Bingley proposes to Jane almost instantly after he returns to Netherfield and we are told it was a happy marriage. I feel this was an exceedingly successful marriage because they both have the same optimistic and kind attitude towards everything and the couple are financially secure. You can be confident they will be sensible with their fortune when Jane reassures her father imprudence or thoughtlessness in money matters would be unpardonable to me, (page 280). In addition, the marriage is acceptable to society and not as unusual as Elizabeth and Darcys because the economic and social gap is not as large the Bingleys had new money. What lastly makes the marriage particularly successful is the way Jane and Mr Bingley manage to overcome an obstacle (being apart for so long) with love and affection for each other that should last throughout their relationship. The marriage is much more preferable to that with the false happiness of Mr and Mrs Collins.Probably the most successful marriage is the one between Miss Elizabeth Bennet and Mr Darcy. At the beginning of the novel this union seems the most unlikely because Elizabeth has a sincere dislike towards Mr Darcy this is reinforced when she hears what Mr Wickam has to say about the proud man. In the same way, at the Meryton Assembly Mr Darcy isnt particularly keen on Elizabeth either, she is tolerable, but not loose enough to tempt me, (page 13).However, one could compare Elizabeth and Mr Darcy at the beginning of the novel to Shakespeares Beatrice and Benedick from the opening of Much Ado About Nothing. Although both Elizabeth and Beatrice claim to detest Mr Darcy and Benedick respectively and the same can be said for the men similarly to Shakespeare, Jane Austen shows Elizabeth to be very conscious of Mr Darcys opinions and the reader knows this would not be the case is she truly despised him.What is so important about the relationship between Elizabeth and Darcy is the way they learn to respect each other. When Elizabeth finds out the truth about Mr Darcy (which differs radically to the story Mr Wickam offered) from his letter and builds a different, improves picture of him from the housekeeper when she visits Pemberley with her aunt and uncle, the reader can see how she begins to love him. In the same way as Mr Darcy overcomes his pride against her family and connections which he had at the beginning of the novel, and Darcy had never been so bewitched by any woman as he was by her. He really believed, that were it not for the inferiority of her connections, he should be in some danger. (page 46), Elizabeth realises her prejudice against him was wrong and looks at him in a new light. Both acknowledge their own errors, clutch their prejudices and recognize the truth about each other.In addition, Darcys protective attitude to Bingley (not lacking him to marry Jane because he thought shes indifferent ) is the mirror image of that of Elizabeths over Jane (upset about hearing from Colonel Fitzwilliam that Mr Darcy was boasting about his having rescued Bingley from an unsuitable match Jane). They both share their temperaments, assumptions about life, and core determine making them a good match. Also making the marriage successful is the fact that it is for true love. on that point are many situations during the novel that insinuate Elizabeth will only marry for true love.She turns down both Mr Collins and Mr Darcy when they propose, both of whom (in particular Mr Darcy) offer financial security and social acceptance yet Elizabeth refuses because she is not partial to either (- at the time anyway.) Elizabeth is perhaps mindful of her fathers mistake in marrying her mother another reason why her only incentive for marrying may be love. The reader of the novel can tell that Mr Darcy too, wants to marry Elizabeth solely for affectionate reasons. One would expect him to marry a mon ied lady of high class, with many accomplishments, with excellent connections, etc. He has a large choice of women that would marry him yet explains to Elizabeth during his first proposal that he cares for her despite her awful family and the large drop in society. This shows he must truly love her.Societys rules cause many barriers for Elizabeth and Mr Darcy and Lady Catherine De Bourgh specifically reproves of the marriage. She has worry accepting it, visiting Elizabeth in person and questioning, Are the shades of Pemberley to be olibanum polluted? (page 288), thus implying Elizabeth and her connections are so low they will contaminate the wonderful building only fit for those of a much higher class.I believe that overall the marriage between Elizabeth and Mr Darcy is the most successful. When at last they are together they are financially secure and are accepted by most of society eventually by Lady Catherine as well. The couple triumph over many original misunderstandings and conquer all their pride and prejudices against each other in Mr Darcys case also against her social class. The conquest over numerous obstacles seem to have brought them closer together and genuinely in love, They were able to love each other, even as well as they intended. Elizabeth and Mr Darcy are both straightforward characters that are brainy and honest as well as caring and loving and they make an extremely compatible couple.Additionally, they overcompensate to have equality within the relationship (it was often common at the time for the male to have a more dominant role) and as Georgiana is astonished to find, the couple constantly get along, always having something to discuss, she Georgiana often listened with astonishment . . . at her Elizabeths lively, sportive manner of talking to her brother.This marriage turns out to be the strongest and Jane Austen leaves nothing that could be criticised about the union.